“At present, in China's gear industry, the proportion of gears based on mold production is less than 5%. However, the proportion of gears produced in molds is less than 5%. However, the rapid development of the machinery industry and the results of materials research are emerging. Under the circumstances, the gears that are the carriers of sports and power are playing an increasingly important role. In the near future, the proportion of gears produced by molds in the entire gear industry will rise to more than 10%." Professor Shi Zhaoyao, a doctoral tutor at Beijing University of Technology and deputy secretary-general of the China Gear Professional Association, gave important information to the participants at the 2006 China Gear Professional Association (Shanghai) Annual Meeting.
At this meeting, the "Small Modular Gear Professional Committee" was formally established, which established an exchange platform for deepening research on gears, especially small gears, and also opened a research platform for gear molds, especially plastic pinion molds.
Gear mold status is mixed
The application range of gear molds can be roughly divided into three aspects: molds for plastic gears, molds for powder metallurgy gears, and molds for precision forged bevel gears. Among them, the demand for plastic gear molds is relatively large.
Professor Shi Zhaoyao said: "The main use of gears is two. One is to transmit motion and the other is to transmit power. At present, domestic plastic gears are mainly used to transmit motion, and the United States is now increasingly adopting power transmission options. Plastic gears are used in many places. This is because plastic gears have many advantages, such as low transmission noise, vibration absorption, self-lubrication, etc., and plastic gears can be opened and processed with high production efficiency. It should be said that plastic gears are used in the gear industry. There will be more and more, this is a worldwide trend."
Professor Shi said that the current low-end gear molds can be produced in China, and high-end gear molds rely on imports. There are few factories specializing in gear molds in China. Most of them are gear molds made by the gear factory. The gear factory often has a working section or a workshop to undertake this work. In the precision forging bevel gears, the bevel gear molds manufactured by the company, such as the gear teeth, the Jiangsu spacecraft, and the Pacific precision forging, are better in the gear mold industry, and the quality of the precision forged bevel gears is also higher. In terms of plastic gears, plastic gears and their molds are mainly distributed in two areas. One is Ningbo, Zhejiang, there are more than 340 plastic gear factories, and it is also the largest plastic gear mold production base in China. The other is Shenzhen Baoan. The main products are Hong Kong-funded enterprises with high precision and are mainly used for export.
Looking at the status quo of China's gear molds, it can be described as mixed. The good news is that gear mold production has a certain foundation, and the development trend of plastic gears will bring more market space to gear molds. The worry is that the level of domestic production gear molds is still separated from the world advanced level, and Under the trend of the gear industry, especially the plastic gear industry, the domestic response to market changes is not sensitive enough, and it is difficult for supporting research to keep up with market demand.
Standard missing needs to be established
At present, domestic gear molds are still in the low-level stage. Generally, plastic gears with small and medium modulus are processed using molds. However, due to deformation and shrinkage during plastic gear processing, the accuracy of shrinkage after shrinkage is not yet studied in China. Deep into the way, Shi Zhaoyao believes that this is one of the important reasons that restrict the development of plastic gear molds.
Mold is the most critical part of gear injection molding. Gears are more precise parts, and a small deviation may affect the performance of the entire gear. Plastic gear molds look simple and are the most complex. Factors such as gear modulus, helix angle, and hole position all affect the design of the gear mold. “Precision problems and life issues are the top priority of gear mold research. At present, China is still very limited in this aspect. When visiting some gear factories in recent years, I saw that the problems of gear molds are beyond imagination.†Professor Shi Worried.
At present, the processing of gear molds has neither national standards nor ready-made industrial standards, especially in the field of plastic gear molds. Professor Shi believes that the most important thing at present is to establish standards, and industry associations are duty-bound. The "Small Modulus Gear Working Committee" was established to focus on and solve the problems in the production of small modulus gears. Today, the world's most advanced and complete gear mold standard is the United States, China's gear mold should be based on the US standards, and gradually establish their own industry standards and national standards according to the needs of development. Specifically, it is necessary to upgrade the factory standards of some well-doing enterprises and combine them with advanced foreign standards to become China's industrial standards. This standardization of the market through standards will better promote the development of the industry.
From the essence of the standard, it should be divided into technical standards and product standards. Technical standards are a more open standard, but product standards are difficult to implement. Consider the experimental standards, accuracy standards and test devices of gear molds. The standard and many other aspects. Therefore, the formulation of standards is not a day's work. It must be based on the expansion of the industry and the strength of the economy. When the conditions are ripe, it will be the day when the standards are introduced.
Under the National Die Standardization Technical Committee, there is no standard for gear molds. This is because for mold standard researchers, most of them care about the condition of the mold, and gear is not their focus. Gear researchers and mold researchers belong to two discipline systems, which brings certain difficulties to the formulation of relevant standards, so considering the cooperation between industry associations is also one of the effective ways to develop gear mold standards.
Relevant research institutions have a long way to go
Professor Shi believes that from the perspective of the entire industry, the sound of gear molds is small and in a spontaneous state, and the establishment of relevant professional associations is to change this situation. However, the establishment of the association is only the first step. Next, we must conduct statistical analysis on some basic conditions in the industry, formulate norms, and make plans according to the actual situation, reflect the voices of the industry to relevant parts, and promote the relevant national industrial policies. Adjustment, thus promoting the development of the domestic precision gear mold industry.
Professor Shi said exaggeratedly, "The research on gear molds, especially plastic gear molds, still has some difficulties. The most prominent problems are: mold practitioners do not understand gears, gear operators do not understand molds, and there is no effective between the two. The communication, the gap of professional background knowledge is the development of the gear mold industry. In the past, it was often the material science to study the gear mold as an application of materials, or to engage the mold as a small direction to explore ."
In addition to Dalian University of Technology, South China Institute of Technology and other universities in the study of gear molds, there is no special research institute to do this work. "The concentration of the gear industry and the strength of some university research institutions, the integration of research and cooperation in the process of equipment and plastics, the intrinsic deformation of plastics, etc. are related to the current association and some of the urgently needed work," said Professor Shi.
In short, the great development of the gear industry has made gear molds face important development opportunities and accelerate the pace of gear mold research. This is the call of the market.
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