1 Principles to be adhered to in the transformation Actively adopt new technologies and new theories to earnestly increase energy efficiency.
Keep the advantages of the original circuit, try to use electrical components with low technological content and low energy consumption.
The transformation steps should be simple, easy to install, easy to set, easy to maintain, and simple to operate.
To fully consider and complete as much work as possible with limited funds, the materials used in each link must be small and refined.
2 basic ideas and methods of transformation 2.1 design of the transformation of the design 2.1.1 determine the technical level. Because it is improvement and transformation, the required technical level must be higher than the technical level of the existing equipment, so that according to the funds obtained, the level of technology to be achieved after the transformation and the degree of transformation of the equipment can be considered. It is also possible to divide the equipment into several subsystems. Each subsystem designs a small solution. Each small solution is both good and relevant. Individual submarine ships can concentrate the limited funds to upgrade the subsystem's technical level to a higher level. When the funds are abundant, further transformation of other subsystems will be carried out, which will more beneficially improve the level of technical ships. For example, in the electrical transformation of the drainage pump station, the system is divided into several subsystems such as the alarm system, control system, decontamination system, and drainage system. According to the amount of funds, the control system and the decontamination system will first undergo a high-level technological transformation. When the funds are abundant, the other subsystems are reconstructed, and through simple connections, the various subsystems are combined.
2.1.2 Adopt reliability design. The so-called reliability is the ability to complete the prescribed functions under the specified conditions and within the prescribed time. The specified conditions include the environmental conditions and electrical conditions in which the equipment operates. While the environmental conditions are generally fixed, the electrical conditions are discussed here. Mainly from two aspects to improve reliability, one is to use redundant measures to design; the second is to improve the system integration in the design of the control system, optoelectronic isolation, resistance and absorption circuits and other anti-jamming measures. At the same time, anti-jamming measures should be taken for instruments that require higher accuracy and their signal transmission cables. For high-precision instruments and meters can be used as a whole box shield; signal lines can be shielded network jacket; can also be a reasonable layout of the ground to enhance anti-interference.
When we reformed the pumping station, 'according to this design concept', Siemens' SIMATIC S7200 programmable controller was selected and the anti-drying capability was enhanced in the form of shielded network sheathed wire and box shielded instrument. This will improve the reliability of the subsystem operation.
2.1.3 Reasonably choose the design procedure. 1 According to the actual situation, according to the device action sequence, write a feasible program. This is the most basic point. Determine the operating point of the equipment according to the way it is intended to work with the equipment. And statistics, classification, according to the technical level to be achieved, select the control element. If you choose PLC programmable controller, it is the basis for selecting the model and setting the operating procedure. 2 Try to improve on the basis of the original circuit.
Study the original circuit, retain the advantages, and make modifications. Among multiple solutions, the most ideal one is preferred, or a feasible circuit is synthesized based on multiple solutions. 3 Find a signal source for automatic control. Examine the entire system, study each part of the circuit, and find the signal that can make the circuit operate accurately. There is no direct signal that can be converted using indirect signals.
After preparing a feasible copy, let the financial staff think twice, take out four options for comprehensive optimization, select the smallest possible and practical design for the original circuit, and transform and transform the electrical control signal. According to the operation of the money port, the equipment working procedure is: the water pump outlet electric valve can only be opened after the pump is started; when the pump is stopped, the pump can only be stopped after the water pump outlet valve is closed. This requires the opening of the pump, the opening of the valve, the valve, and the pumping of the four signals. The pump-on and shut-off signals are obtained by the pump-on signal delay, and the pump-stop signal is converted from the valve-switch signal lamp.
2.2 Correctly deal with the problems encountered in construction 2.2.1 Reasonably adjust the functions of components. In practical applications, the functions of some components are beyond or insufficient to transform the required functions. It is difficult to obtain qualified components in the market. In this case, slight adjustments can be made to the internal structure of existing components with similar functions. Adapt to the functional requirements of the design.
2.2.2 During construction, reasonable alterations to the preferred retrofit plans or plans may also be made. In the actual construction, it is often found that the design drawings and the purchased electrical equipment are not matched. Because the tasks are close, the drawings can be appropriately changed. Without changing the original design functions, it can be matched to make the installation proceed smoothly.
2.2.3 Test the reliability of the system. The purpose of the system reliability test is to make the modified equipment reach the predetermined reliability index. Tests can be divided into laboratory tests and field tests. 1Laboratory test: a After the scheme is selected, it is to carry on the reliability appraisal, namely the reliability determination, through many tests, verifies the feasibility of the scheme, eliminates the parasitic circuit, causes the circuit work to be stable and reliable. b Study the failure mechanism of the system to modify the various failures of the equipment. 2 On-site test: It is in the construction S that the reliability of the equipment is tested and the reliability is verified. After the completion of the transformation, a complete report of the test run shall be made in a timely manner based on the test records. The reliability of the system shall be further verified and analyzed, and the system shall be further improved so as to avoid functional disorder during the operation.
After reliable verification of the transformed system, mark the number of each line and draw a complete circuit diagram of the transformation completion to prepare for nuclear and maintenance.
3 Summary This article briefly introduced the general principles, ideas and methods for the small-scale transformation of electrical automation. For more complex equipment, according to the specific control system, control objects and transformation requirements, the study of block slicing, at the same time must be clear objectives, reasonable steps, and clarity, so that we can effectively find a reasonable improvement program to achieve The purpose of the transformation.
(Continued from page 43) American Education.
Achieving profound education reforms, implementing quality education, and rationally adjusting the macro structure of education, and ensuring the implementation of quality education from the perspective of system construction and improvement, the key is of course to change the prejudice of the entire society and eliminate schools. With regard to the external pressures, the role of the three-in-one education network of schools, families, and society is fully utilized. However, it further changes educational concepts, fully understands the essential attributes of quality education, and establishes a student-responsible attitude toward education. According to the party’s education policy, quality education goals and social development requirements, it truly promotes developmental education for all students. The task has historically landed on our teachers. How to accomplish this arduous task is worthy of serious exploration by an educator. Gorky said: "In terms of nature, people are artists. He always wants to bring beauty to his life wherever he goes. Since beauty is a human nature, implementing education according to the United States is certainly more effective. Aesthetic education can become the basis of education and the breakthrough of teaching reform, which shows that the key to the transition from exam-oriented education to quality education is aesthetic education, because only aesthetic education can fundamentally improve the quality of people.
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