[China Aluminum Network] I. International Standards and Advanced Foreign Standards
1. International Standardization Organization (ISO) "International Standardization" refers to the standardization activities conducted by many countries, organizations or groups in the international community. Its purpose is to research, formulate and promote the use of internationally harmonized standards, coordinate the standardization activities of various countries or regions, and discuss and exchange experiences on standardization related issues. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is responsible for formulating, publishing, and promoting international standards, coordinating worldwide standardization work, organizing the exchange of information among member states and technical committees, and cooperating with other international organizations in the study of standardization issues.
At present, there are 8 technical committees related to the non-ferrous metals industry in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO): ISO/TC18 “Zinc and Zinc Alloysâ€, TC26 “Copper and Copper Alloysâ€, and TC79 “Light Metals and Their Alloysâ€. , TC119 "Powder Metallurgy", TC129 "Bauxite Ore", TC155 "Nickel and Nickel Alloy", TC183 "Copper, Lead, Zinc, Nickel Concentrate" and TC226 "Primary Aluminum Production Materials". By the end of 2007, the eight technical committees had formulated a total of 380 international standards, including 31 basic standards, 13 product standards, and 336 analytical method standards.
In recent years, the more active International Standardization Technical Committee has ISO/TC79 Light Metals and Alloys, TC119 Powder Metallurgy, TC183 Copper, Lead, Zinc, and Nickel Concentrates, and TC226 Raw Materials for Primary Aluminum Production. , ISO/TC26 "copper and copper alloys" ended more than 20 years of silence at the end of 2007, and China served as the secretary of the International Standardization Technical Committee.
2, foreign advanced standards
Foreign advanced standards refer to the standards of other international organizations that have not been confirmed or published by ISO. There are internationally authoritative regional standards, national standards of the world's major economically developed countries, prevailing group standards, and advanced standards in corporate standards.
In the world non-ferrous metal materials standards, the European, American, and Japanese standards systems are relatively complete, and their standards are internationally advanced. Therefore, we temporarily list these countries' non-ferrous metal materials standards as foreign advanced standards. At present, there are 588 standards related to the non-ferrous metals industry in the ANSI or ASTM standards, the European Union (EN), and the Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS). Items, 270 items and 409 items.
Second, China's non-ferrous metal industry standard analysis
At present, China's non-ferrous metal industry standards work in line with the non-ferrous metals industry, has established a relatively complete non-ferrous metal standard system. As of the end of 2007, China's non-ferrous metals industry has a total of 851 national standards and 947 industry standards. In the presence of relevant international standards or foreign advanced standards, China's non-ferrous metal standards are preferred to adopt the standard; for China's non-ferrous metal standards that do not have corresponding international standards or advanced foreign standards, they are domestic independent innovations and have “Chinese characteristicsâ€. The standard. Such a standard system is able to meet China's non-ferrous metal products import and export trade, is to adapt to the actual situation of China's non-ferrous metal development.
1. Actively transforming and successfully carrying out bids
"Purpose adopting" means "the national standard is equivalent to the corresponding international standard or only some changes have been made to the international standard" (the definition is derived from GB/T20000.2-2001 "Standardization Work Guide Part 2: Rules for the use of international standards" )). Judging from the situation of adopting the standard, China’s non-ferrous metal standards national standards and industry standards have transformed 225 of the 380 existing international standards (ISO), of which 23 equivalents have been adopted and 104 have been modified. Of the 98 items (because the non-equivalent international standards were all pre-2001 versions, they were identified as “take-offsâ€), and the adoption rate (conversion rate) reached 59.2%.
Of the 155 international standards that have not been adopted, 19 are not available due to backwardness, and 8 items cannot be adopted immediately due to the revision of international standards. The remaining 128 items will be included in the adoption plan and it is expected that In 2010, the standard work will be completed. Therefore, by 2010 China's adoption rate will reach 95% or more. In addition, there are 79 national and 46 industry standards in China's non-ferrous metal standards that “refer to†foreign advanced standards, such as ASTM, ANSI, EN, and JIS, and the degree of conformance is equivalent to “modification adoptionâ€.
China's non-ferrous metal mining standards than the EU, the United States and Japan and other foreign advanced standardization organizations. At present, of the 270 European Union (EN) standards related to non-ferrous metals in total, 32 have adopted ISO standards. In the formulation of EU standards, there are not many references to ISO standards, and the adoption rate is only 8.4%; EU Standards were developed on a large scale in recent years. Their working idea was to create conditions for translating EN standards into ISO standards after the release of their standards, and to convert regional standards into international standards more actively; in 588 ASTMs In the ANSI standard, there is no indication of whether or not to adopt the ISO standard, so it is impossible to count the adoption of the ISO standard. However, as far as we know, the US non-ferrous metal standards basically do not adopt international standards. Only the Japanese standard, the adoption of ISO standards is relatively positive, and the adoption rate is relatively high. 125 of the 409 JIS standards were equated or modified to adopt international standards, and the adoption rate reached 32.9%, which is equivalent to that of China. Or modify the level of 127 international standards adopted. However, there are still 98 non-equivalent standards in China. From this we can see that China's adoption of the standard is relatively good, but also for the development of China's non-ferrous metals industry.
2. Independent innovation and development of Chinese characteristics
Among China's numerous non-ferrous metal products, there are certain varieties unique to China. At present, there are no corresponding international standards and technical committees, and there are no international standards. The number of corresponding standards in other countries is very small. China's non-ferrous metal products, such as aluminum hydroxide, aluminum powder, magnesium powder, tantalum, aluminum fluoride, cryolite, titanium alloys, tantalum, zirconium, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, vanadium, etc., are all "made in China" and abroad. Standardization system can not find the corresponding standard; At the same time, China's lead and lead alloy production is huge, but in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), there is no international standardization technical committee for lead and lead alloys and international standards, and foreign advanced standards There is no standard for lead. There are a total of 826 items in China's non-ferrous metal standardization system (302 in national standards and 524 in industry standards), accounting for 45.9% of the total number of standards.
3, bulk trade, meet the needs of the international market
At present, the total quantity and standard level of China's non-ferrous metal standards have met the development needs of the non-ferrous metals industry. Main non-ferrous metal products, such as remelting aluminum ingots, aluminum alloy ingots, aluminum alloy building profiles, aluminum foil, cathode copper, air-conditioning copper tubes, lead ingots, zinc ingots, tin ingots, magnesium, gold ingots, silver ingots and other technical standards The standards of non-ferrous metal chemical analysis methods are all in line with international standards and have reached the international advanced level; the actual quality is equivalent to the international level, among which 8 kinds of copper, aluminum, lead, zinc, tin, nickel, aluminum alloy, silver and so on. The company's 56 brands are registered with the LME (London Metal Exchange) and the London Bullion Market Association. For subsequent non-ferrous metal processing products, the quality of copper and aluminum processing materials is further improved, especially some key products with large quantities and wide areas, such as copper and copper alloy tubes for air conditioning, aluminum and aluminum alloy profiles for construction and industrial use, and part aluminum. And aluminum alloy plate with foil and copper strips have reached the level of developed countries, not only to meet the needs of domestic users of the industry, but also a large number of exports to Japan and Europe and the United States and other countries. In spite of this, some copper and aluminum processing materials still have a gap compared with developed countries such as the United States, mainly because of unstable performance, and there are still some high-precision products that need to be imported. At the National Quality Work Conference last year, Premier Wen spoke highly of this: “The technical standards and physical quality of non-ferrous metals have been brought into line with international standards.†This is an affirmation and spur to the quality standards work of the non-ferrous metals industry.
III. International standardization of non-ferrous metals in China
China is a large non-ferrous metal country. In 2007, the output of six types of concentrate metals such as copper, lead, zinc, nickel, tin and antimony from above-scale enterprises was 4,733,500 tons, and that of alumina was 1945.65 million tons. The total output of ten kinds of non-ferrous metals in China has reached 23,652,200 tons, including 3,469,900 tons of copper, 12,558,600 tons of electrolytic aluminum, 2.7574 million tons of lead, 3.7144 million tons of zinc, 145,800 tons of nickel, 151,300 tons of tin, and 152,900 tons of tin. Tons, magnesium 627,300 tons, sponge titanium 30,500 tons, has been ranked in the world for six consecutive years. At the same time, the output of non-ferrous metal processing materials is also at the forefront of the international community. In 2007, the output of copper processing materials in China was 6,288,100 tons, and the output of aluminum processing materials was 11,795,400 tons, both of which were among the highest in the world. China is also a major non-ferrous metals trading country. In 2007, the total volume of foreign trade was US$ 87.508 billion. China's non-ferrous metal smelting raw materials mostly rely on foreign imports, after domestic smelting, processing and export to foreign countries, for example, last year China imported 4.516 million tons of copper concentrate physical amount, bauxite 23.2602 million tons, alumina 5.1445 million tons, lead concentrate The physical quantity is 1,126,100 tons, the physical quantity of zinc concentrate is 2,151,500 tons; the export of copper is 499,700 tons, the aluminum is 1,853,400 tons, the unwrought lead is 545,600 tons, the unwrought zinc is 276,700 tons, and the unwrought nickel is 16,900 Ton.
In order to meet the requirements of international trade and give full play to the advantages of China's non-ferrous metal powers, we need to start with standards. In recent years, the National Non-ferrous Metals Standardization Technical Committee has actively carried out international standardization work and "substantially participates in international standardization activities." Although it has made some progress, the future is still a long way.
1. Improve the level of expert English and actively cultivate English talents for non-ferrous metals
English is the official language of the international standardization work conference. The level of English has a direct impact on the communication and exchange between Chinese experts and foreign experts. Therefore, English has become an essential weapon for international exchanges, and this is precisely where China’s experts are insufficient. . In order to change the common problem of our country's expert dumb English, the National Non-ferrous Metals Standardization Technical Committee held two non-ferrous metals from March 13 to April 13 and from May 14 to June 3, 2007. In the International Standardization English Training Course, 24 representatives of 17 companies and 22 representatives of 19 domestic companies attended the training. This move has trained talents for China's non-ferrous metals industry and established a strong team of talented people with a good level of English, strong standardized knowledge and rooted in the non-ferrous metal industry.
2, mobilize domestic enthusiasm and actively participate in international standardization work conference
In recent years, China has been actively participating in various ISO/TC meetings. From 2006 to 2007 alone, five delegations from 37 companies and 37 people traveled to Russia, Japan, France, Canada and other countries to participate in the ISO meeting to follow up the international standardization movements and reflect the opinions of relevant companies in China. In addition, in 2008 China also plans to participate in 6 meetings of the TC79TC79/SC6TC79/SC11, TC226, TC119, TC183 and other international standardization technical committees, and continue to track the international trends of standardization.
3. Improve international status and push China’s key national standards to “internationalizationâ€
In order to allow more people to get access to China’s national standards and better play the role of China’s advanced national standards in international trade and other fields, even let China’s national standards guide the production of international non-ferrous metals industry, the China Nonferrous Metals Committee proposed In the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, the preparation of the English version of about 20 national standards has been completed, and the internationalization of China’s standards has taken precedence. The focus of translation will be on the following major areas:
1 Key smelting products registered at LME (London Metals Exchange); 2 Key products with high technical content and large export volume, such as copper tubes for air conditioning, tin-phosphorous bronze strips, aluminum alloy profiles for construction, aluminum foil, etc.; Sexual standards, such as "Aluminum Alloy Building Profiles" and "Limitations of Harmful Elements in Heavy Metal Concentrate Products", etc.;4 Have own intellectual property product standards, such as "Battery Nickel Foam".
These standards cover varieties of non-ferrous metals such as copper, aluminum, lead, zinc, magnesium, titanium, tin, nickel, and lithium. See Table 2 for specific items.
National Standard for Non-ferrous Metals to be completed during the 11th Five-Year Plan Project No. National Standard No. National Standard Name 1.GB/T8013.1 Anodic Oxide and Organic Polymer Films for Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys Part 1: Anodizing Membrane 2.GB/T8013.2 Anodized and organic polymer films for aluminium and aluminium alloys - Part 2: Anodized composite film 3.GB/T8013.3 - Anodic oxides and organic polymers for aluminium and aluminium alloys - Part 3: Organic polymer spray coating 4.GB5237.1 Aluminum alloy building profiles Part 1 Substrate 5.GB5237.2 Aluminum alloy building profiles Part 2 Anodized, colored profiles 6.GB5237.3 Aluminum alloy building profiles Part 3 Electrophoretic coating Paint Profiles 7.GB5237.4 Aluminum Alloy Profiles Part 4 Powder Spray Profiles 8.GB5237.5 Aluminum Alloy Profiles Part 5 Fluorocarbon Paint Spray Profiles 9.GB/T5237.6 Aluminum Alloy Profiles Part 6 Insulation Profiles 10.GB/T20251 Foam Nickel for Battery 11.GB20424 Limited Specification for Harmful Elements of Heavy Metal Concentrates 12.GB/T20928 Internal Threaded Copper Tubes 13.GB/T467 Copper Cathode Plates 14.GB/T469 Lead Ingots 15.GB/T470 Zinc ingots 16.GB/T3880.1 General industrial aluminium and aluminium alloy rolled plates and strips - Part 1: General requirements 17.GB/T3880.2 General industrial aluminum and aluminum alloy rolled strip, strip Part 2: Mechanical properties 18.GB/T3880.3 General industrial aluminum and aluminum alloy rolled strip, strip 3 Part: Size deviation 19.GB20664 Natural radioactivity limits for non-ferrous metals minerals 20.GB/T3499 Raw magnesium ingots 21.GB/T728 Tin ingots 22.GB/T6516 Electrolytic nickel 4. Give full play to industrial advantages, accelerate the development of our country as the main International Standardization Work 4.1 Promote China's Main System to revise international standards In recent years, relevant companies in China's non-ferrous metals industry have fully recognized the importance of international standardization work and have completed the “emphasis on hard work and production†to “occupy the marketâ€. In addition to actively participating in the revision of national standards and industry standards, the successful transformation of the company has also increased efforts to develop overseas markets and participate in international standardization work.
At present, there are four international standards that have been formulated in China:
4.1.1 Determination of Arsenic in Copper, Lead, Zinc, and Nickel Concentrates
In order to reflect the global status of China's non-ferrous metal concentrate importing countries and reflect the overall technical and economic conditions of China's non-ferrous metals companies, the National Non-ferrous Metals Standardization Technical Committee represents China to the International Organization for Standardization ISO/TC 183 (copper, lead, zinc, nickel (Concentrates) The secretariat has repeatedly applied for the commitment of the working group convener of WG15 (Assay of Arsenic in Copper, Lead, Zinc, and Nickel Concentrates) to develop an international standard for the determination of arsenic in copper, lead, zinc, and nickel concentrates. . After unremitting efforts, China finally got the right to formulate this international standard at the 12th annual meeting of ISO/TC183. Currently, there are domestic Daye Nonferrous Metals Corporation, Jiangxi Copper Corporation, Anhui Tongling Nonferrous Metals Corporation, and Yunnan. Copper Industry Group Corporation, Zhuzhou Smelting Group Corporation, Huludao Nonferrous Metals Group Corporation, Jinchuan Group Corporation, Nantong Import and Export Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Zhongjin Lingnan Fankou Lead-zinc Mine, Zhongjin Lingnan Shaoguan Smelter, etc. More than 10 enterprises and undertakings The unit participates in the formulation of this international standard. The formulation of this international standard will lay a solid foundation for China's non-ferrous metals companies' detection capabilities to win world wide recognition, and can effectively safeguard the economic interests of China's non-ferrous enterprises. The formulation of this international standard will also greatly increase the visibility and international recognition of China's non-ferrous metals industry's detection capabilities, and it can resolve unnecessary disputes arising from trade and other work in the future.
4.1.2 "Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Anodized Composite Film"
China and Japan jointly proposed to the ISO/TC79 Secretariat the "International Standard for Anodized Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Films". The two sides of the proposal have convened four meetings to discuss, and the last one was in April 2007 in the meeting held in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China to finalize the draft. This work has experienced nearly three years. During the period, six domestic companies including Jianmei Guangdong, Xingfa of Guangdong, Nanping of Fujian, Fujian Minfa, Beijing Non-ferrous Quality Inspection Center, and South China Quality Inspection Center participated in the test verification from beginning to end. Test data Tens of thousands not only ensured our country’s right to speak and independence in the joint proposal, but also laid a solid data foundation for the proposal's soundness. Currently, ISO/TC79 has set up an ad hoc group to promote the project. At the same time, China has also participated in a working group responsible for reviewing 25 international standards under the jurisdiction of ISO/TC79/SC2 (anodic oxidation of aluminum and aluminum alloys) technical committee, and comparing ISO standards and EN standards, and proposing revision plans for international standards. And complete the revision work.
In addition, China has also assumed the convener of the ISO/TC79/SC11/WG4 Titanium and Titanium Synthetic Award System and WG5 Titanium and Titanium Alloy Materials Working Group, and developed these two international standards.
4.2 Undertake the work of the secretariat of the International Standardization Technical Committee
In the future, we should aim at the existing and existing non-ferrous metal fields of international standards, actively undertake and apply for international standards secretariats, and take the lead in the development and revision of international standards, and occupy an important measure of the commanding heights of international standards.
4.2.1 Successfully undertake the ISO/TC26 (copper and copper alloy) secretariat
China is a major producer and consumer of copper in the world. Especially in terms of processed materials, the competitiveness in the international market has been continuously enhanced in recent years, and a number of advanced copper processing companies with international competitiveness have emerged. Some high-tech products It has also made significant inroads into and leads the international market. For example, copper pipe production has been at the top of the world since 2005, and copper strip production also ranks among the top in the world. Actively expanding the international standardization strategy in the field of copper processing has good conditions for development, timeliness, and human resources. For this purpose, the National Nonferrous Metals Standardization Technical Committee Secretariat has actively applied to the International Secretariat to bear ISO/TC26 (copper and copper). The alloy) Secretariat worked more than ever.
In the future, we should cherish this wonderful period of development opportunities and actively expand the international standard work of our country's superior products, and in turn drive the overall development of China's non-ferrous metal industry's international standardization work.
4.2.2 Actively apply for the bearer of ISO/TC79/SC5 (magnesium and magnesium alloys) Secretariat
China is a big country with magnesium resources. Magnesium reserves account for 80% of the global total of magnesium mineral resources. In 2007, the magnesium output reached 627,300 tons. It has become the top of the world for 10 consecutive years, and domestic and foreign trade has continued to expand. According to ISO/TC79 (Light Metals and Alloys) International Standardization Technical Committee N1237, Norway resigned from ISO/TC79/SC5 Secretariat and placed the secretary's office in China. This is an opportunity for China. We need to actively undertake this work and actively integrate it into international standardization activities. We should use the advantages of our country’s magnesium resources and expand the international influence of China’s national standards. The advantages of a big metal country.
4.2.3 Actively promote the establishment of the Secretariat of ISO/TCXXX (lead and lead alloys)
In recent years, China's lead industry has developed rapidly. Lead production has been ranked high in the world for five consecutive years. In 2007, it accounted for more than one-third of the world's total production. In the international lead industry, China has production, quality, technology, and standards. , Talents and other development advantages. Currently, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) does not have a corresponding international secretariat for lead and lead alloys. The National Nonferrous Metals Standardization Committee is currently planning to actively apply with the Zhuzhou Smelter Group Corporation to the National Standardization Committee and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to establish the secretariat. It is believed that through the establishment of the secretariat, the international standardization of lead and lead alloy products in China will be greatly developed, and the import and export trade of corresponding products in China will be greatly promoted and protected, and the international competitiveness of China will also be greatly improved.
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