I. Waste ferrous metals National search for waste materials market
1, pig iron
Pig iron is divided into cast iron and steel-making pig iron, ductile iron cast iron three categories, belonging to the raw materials of iron and steel products.
2, ferroalloy
Ferroalloys are alloys of non-metallic or metallic elements and iron. According to the different types of elements, it is divided into ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochrome, ferrotungsten, ferromolybdenum and so on. Ferroalloy also includes two black pure metals
Second, waste non-ferrous metals
1, colored pure metal
Copper: Pure copper, also known as copper, has a density of 8.94g/cm3, a melting point of 1083 degrees, no magnetic properties, good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, and high chemical stability. (Copper compounds are toxic .)
Lead: lead is also called cyan lead and its appearance is blue-gray. The strength and hardness of lead are extremely low. It can be cut by the use of hair, and it will not be hardened at room temperature. The density is 11.34g/cm3, due to its high density. In the manufacture of warheads. Lead resistance, poor thermal conductivity, melting point of 327 degrees, often used in the manufacture of fuses.
Tin: Tin is a silvery white, slightly bluish metal. Its density is 7.2g/cm3 and its melting point is 232 degrees. Tin has low strength and does not work harden at room temperature. Tin is very plastic and has Good corrosion resistance.
Nickel: Nickel is a silvery white metal that can retain beautiful luster after polishing for a long period of time. The density is 8.9g/cm3 and the melting point is 1455 degrees. It is magnetic when the temperature is lower than 360 degrees. Nickel has good electric vacuum performance and is high at high temperature. The volatilization in vacuum is very small and it is an important material for electric vacuum instruments.
Niobium: Niobium is a silver-white metal. Due to the influence of impurities, it is slightly bluish. The more impurities, the darker the blue color. The pure niobium, also known as the Niobium, is very brittle and has no ductility, so it is not used alone. The density of niobium is 6.7g/cm3, melting point of 630 degrees, slightly expanded when solidified, therefore, yttrium is mainly used for the preparation of alloys with lead and tin.
Zinc: Zinc is a white, slightly bluish, shiny metal that is gray in the air due to oxidation. Its density is 7.1g/cm3 and its melting point is 419 degrees. It is brittle at room temperature but heated to 100-150 degrees. , it becomes tough and easy to carry out pressure processing, the temperature rises to 200 degrees, the brittleness increases, can be broken into powder.
Mercury: mercury is also called mercury, silver white, melting point is -38.87 degrees, liquid at room temperature, density is 13.5g/cm3, the heaviest liquid at room temperature. Mercury is not easy to oxidize and corrode, it is widely used in barometer thermometers, etc. instrument.
é“‹: The surface of the crucible is white or pink, with a density of 9.8 g/cm3 and a melting point of 277 degrees. It is mainly used for the manufacture of low melting point alloys, drugs and chemical reagents.
Silicon: Silicon is also called industrial silicon or pure silicon. The surface is pale grayish blue, with small holes, and the density is 2.42g/cm3. The main purpose of industrial silicon is to prepare alloys, and to obtain polysilicon and organic silicon.
Titanium: Titanium is a light metal with a density of 4.5 g/cm3 and a melting point higher than that of iron and nickel. It has a high thermal strength of 1668 degrees. Titanium is a silver-white metal.
Cobalt: The surface of cobalt is dark gray with a density of 8.9g/cm3. It is mainly used for the manufacture of alloys and steel-refining elements such as cemented carbide adhesives.
Cadmium: Cadmium is gray, with a density of 8.65g/cm3 and a melting point of 321 degrees. It is mainly used for electroplating and manufacturing batteries.
Magnesium: Magnesium is a silver-white metal (easy to oxidize in the air, dark surface). The density is only 1.74g/cm3, which is the lightest metal in industrial metal. The melting point is 651 degrees, but it is easy to oxidize and burn when melting. The cold plastic deformation ability of magnesium is poor.
Aluminum: Aluminum is a silver-white metal with a face-centered cubic lattice, no allotropic conversion, a density of 2.7 g/cm3, a melting point of 660 degrees, and good electrical and thermal conductivity.
2. Non-ferrous metal alloys
Copper alloys: Common copper alloys include brass, bronze and cupronickel.
Aluminum alloy: According to the composition and production process characteristics of aluminum alloy, it is generally divided into two major categories of deformation and casting aluminum alloy. The main industrial applications are aluminum-manganese, aluminum-magnesium, aluminum-magnesium-copper, aluminum-magnesium-silicon. - Copper, aluminum-zinc-magnesium-copper and other alloys. Deformed aluminum alloys are also called mature aluminum alloys. According to their composition and performance characteristics, they are divided into five kinds of rust-proof aluminum, hard aluminum, super-hard aluminum, wrought aluminum and special aluminum. .
Lead-based alloys: Lead-based bearing alloys are lead-antimony-tin-copper alloys, which have moderate hardness, good wear-ability, slightly larger coefficient of friction, and low toughness. After that, they are suitable for casting with less shock and lighter loads. Slower bearings.
Nickel alloys: Nickel can be composed of various alloys with copper, iron, manganese, chromium, silicon, and magnesium. Among them, nickel-copper alloys are the famous Monel alloys. They have high strength and good plasticity. In the atmosphere below 750 degrees, the chemical properties Stable, widely used in electrical industry, vacuum tube, chemical industry, medical equipment and marine industry.
Zinc alloy: The main additive elements of zinc alloys are aluminum, copper and magnesium. Zinc alloys can be divided into two types of deformation and casting zinc alloy according to processing technology. Cast zinc alloy has good fluidity and corrosion resistance and is suitable for die-casting instruments. Automotive parts shell and so on.
Magnesium alloys: The alloying elements in magnesium alloys mainly include aluminum and zinc, manganese, and sometimes small amounts of zirconium, hafnium, niobium, etc. Magnesium alloys can also be divided into two major categories: deformation and casting magnesium alloys according to different production processes. Is an important lightweight structural material, widely used in aviation, aerospace industry.
Titanium alloys: Titanium alloys can be divided into three groups according to the organization. (1 titanium is added with aluminum and tin elements. 2 titanium is added with aluminum chromium molybdenum vanadium and other alloying elements. 3 titanium is added with aluminum and vanadium and other elements.) titanium alloy has high strength The density is small, the mechanical properties are good, and the toughness and corrosion resistance are very good. In addition: the titanium alloy has poor process performance and is difficult to cut. In thermal processing, it is very easy to absorb impurities such as oxyhydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, etc., as well as poor abrasion resistance. , The production process is complicated.
Tin-based alloy: Tin-based bearing alloy is tin-bismuth-copper alloy. It has a small friction coefficient, moderate hardness, good toughness, and good wear-resistance, corrosion resistance and thermal conductivity, and is mainly used under high speed and heavy load conditions. Bearing bushes for work.
Third, waste precious metal
Precious metals are the general term for precious metals and rare metals. Since gold and silver are monopolized by the People's Bank of China, the precious metals operated by the Materials Department are mainly platinum group elements. Selenium and antimony are rare elements, often called semimetals.
Platinum: Platinum is a silver-white metal with a melting point of 1769 degrees and a density of 21.45g/cm3. It is mainly used in the chemical industry of electrical instrumentation and in the manufacture of precision alloys.
Palladium: Palladium is a silver-gray metal with a melting point of 1552, a density of 12.16g/cm3, good plasticity, poor corrosion resistance in precious metals, power supply gas meters, chemical industry, and precision alloys.
é“‘: é“‘ is a smoke-grey metal with a melting point of 1960 degrees and a density of 12.44 g/cm3. It is a brittle metal. Power supply gas meters are used for superalloys and precision alloys.
Niobium: Niobium is a silver-gray metal with a melting point of 2443 degrees. It has the highest melting point in precious metals. The density is 22.4 g/cm3. It is a brittle metal, chemically stable, resistant to acid and alkali corrosion, and high in hardness. It is used in electrical and chemical applications. , Light industry and other aspects, preparation of precision alloys.
é•“: Liquid helium is silver-white metal, solid cerium is blue crystalline metal, soft texture, melting point is 29.8 degrees, density is 5.9g/cm3. Chemical stability in the air. é•“ is mainly used in the semiconductor industry, making thermometers, preparation Fusible metals etc.
Indium: Indium is a silvery white metal with a melting point of 156.6 degrees and a density of 7.31g/cm3. It is softer than lead, has good ductility, and is stable in chemical properties. It is mainly used in the preparation of precious metal alloys, low-melting-point alloys, bearing alloys, and electroplating industries. aspect.
Selenium: Selenium is a black or dark gray glassy amorphous ingot (red selenium and gray selenium are crystalline variants of selenium, with the principal component unchanged), belonging to rare elements, also called semimetals. The melting point of selenium is 220 degrees, and the boiling point 685 degrees, density 40808g/cm3, crisp, mainly used in the manufacture of rectifiers, selenium plate, copy cartridges, alloys, enamel and glass industries.
Niobium: Niobium is a silver-gray semimetal, a rare element with a melting point of 450 degrees and a density of 6.24g/cm3. It is brittle, has a high resistivity, and is a counter-magnetic metal, so it is a good semiconductor material. Used to make semiconductor devices, alloys, chemical raw materials and additives for cast iron, rubber, glass and other products.
Arsenic: Arsenic is a silver-gray semi-metal, which is a rare element. The melting point of arsenic is 814 degrees. It sublimes at 613 degrees. Arsenic is easily oxidized in the air. Arsenic oxide is highly toxic (commonly known as arsenic). The density of arsenic is 5.73g/cm3, insoluble in water, insoluble in organic solvents. Used in the manufacture of alloys and semiconductor devices.
Fourth, hard alloy
Cemented carbide commonly known as tungsten steel, is a tool material with high hardness, good wear resistance, red hardness and a certain degree of bending strength. Its wear resistance is 10 to 20 times higher than high speed steel, and its red hardness is also far better than In high speed steel; therefore hard alloy has been widely used in modern machining, petroleum coal mining, metal profile processing, textile, chemical, instrumentation components and defense, weapons, military and other fields. In addition: Carbide The disadvantage is low toughness. Therefore, carbide inserts must be mounted on steel arbors (welding or mechanical clamping), and carbide dies must be installed in steel molds.
1, pig iron
Pig iron is divided into cast iron and steel-making pig iron, ductile iron cast iron three categories, belonging to the raw materials of iron and steel products.
2, ferroalloy
Ferroalloys are alloys of non-metallic or metallic elements and iron. According to the different types of elements, it is divided into ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochrome, ferrotungsten, ferromolybdenum and so on. Ferroalloy also includes two black pure metals
Second, waste non-ferrous metals
1, colored pure metal
Copper: Pure copper, also known as copper, has a density of 8.94g/cm3, a melting point of 1083 degrees, no magnetic properties, good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, and high chemical stability. (Copper compounds are toxic .)
Lead: lead is also called cyan lead and its appearance is blue-gray. The strength and hardness of lead are extremely low. It can be cut by the use of hair, and it will not be hardened at room temperature. The density is 11.34g/cm3, due to its high density. In the manufacture of warheads. Lead resistance, poor thermal conductivity, melting point of 327 degrees, often used in the manufacture of fuses.
Tin: Tin is a silvery white, slightly bluish metal. Its density is 7.2g/cm3 and its melting point is 232 degrees. Tin has low strength and does not work harden at room temperature. Tin is very plastic and has Good corrosion resistance.
Nickel: Nickel is a silvery white metal that can retain beautiful luster after polishing for a long period of time. The density is 8.9g/cm3 and the melting point is 1455 degrees. It is magnetic when the temperature is lower than 360 degrees. Nickel has good electric vacuum performance and is high at high temperature. The volatilization in vacuum is very small and it is an important material for electric vacuum instruments.
Niobium: Niobium is a silver-white metal. Due to the influence of impurities, it is slightly bluish. The more impurities, the darker the blue color. The pure niobium, also known as the Niobium, is very brittle and has no ductility, so it is not used alone. The density of niobium is 6.7g/cm3, melting point of 630 degrees, slightly expanded when solidified, therefore, yttrium is mainly used for the preparation of alloys with lead and tin.
Zinc: Zinc is a white, slightly bluish, shiny metal that is gray in the air due to oxidation. Its density is 7.1g/cm3 and its melting point is 419 degrees. It is brittle at room temperature but heated to 100-150 degrees. , it becomes tough and easy to carry out pressure processing, the temperature rises to 200 degrees, the brittleness increases, can be broken into powder.
Mercury: mercury is also called mercury, silver white, melting point is -38.87 degrees, liquid at room temperature, density is 13.5g/cm3, the heaviest liquid at room temperature. Mercury is not easy to oxidize and corrode, it is widely used in barometer thermometers, etc. instrument.
é“‹: The surface of the crucible is white or pink, with a density of 9.8 g/cm3 and a melting point of 277 degrees. It is mainly used for the manufacture of low melting point alloys, drugs and chemical reagents.
Silicon: Silicon is also called industrial silicon or pure silicon. The surface is pale grayish blue, with small holes, and the density is 2.42g/cm3. The main purpose of industrial silicon is to prepare alloys, and to obtain polysilicon and organic silicon.
Titanium: Titanium is a light metal with a density of 4.5 g/cm3 and a melting point higher than that of iron and nickel. It has a high thermal strength of 1668 degrees. Titanium is a silver-white metal.
Cobalt: The surface of cobalt is dark gray with a density of 8.9g/cm3. It is mainly used for the manufacture of alloys and steel-refining elements such as cemented carbide adhesives.
Cadmium: Cadmium is gray, with a density of 8.65g/cm3 and a melting point of 321 degrees. It is mainly used for electroplating and manufacturing batteries.
Magnesium: Magnesium is a silver-white metal (easy to oxidize in the air, dark surface). The density is only 1.74g/cm3, which is the lightest metal in industrial metal. The melting point is 651 degrees, but it is easy to oxidize and burn when melting. The cold plastic deformation ability of magnesium is poor.
Aluminum: Aluminum is a silver-white metal with a face-centered cubic lattice, no allotropic conversion, a density of 2.7 g/cm3, a melting point of 660 degrees, and good electrical and thermal conductivity.
2. Non-ferrous metal alloys
Copper alloys: Common copper alloys include brass, bronze and cupronickel.
Aluminum alloy: According to the composition and production process characteristics of aluminum alloy, it is generally divided into two major categories of deformation and casting aluminum alloy. The main industrial applications are aluminum-manganese, aluminum-magnesium, aluminum-magnesium-copper, aluminum-magnesium-silicon. - Copper, aluminum-zinc-magnesium-copper and other alloys. Deformed aluminum alloys are also called mature aluminum alloys. According to their composition and performance characteristics, they are divided into five kinds of rust-proof aluminum, hard aluminum, super-hard aluminum, wrought aluminum and special aluminum. .
Lead-based alloys: Lead-based bearing alloys are lead-antimony-tin-copper alloys, which have moderate hardness, good wear-ability, slightly larger coefficient of friction, and low toughness. After that, they are suitable for casting with less shock and lighter loads. Slower bearings.
Nickel alloys: Nickel can be composed of various alloys with copper, iron, manganese, chromium, silicon, and magnesium. Among them, nickel-copper alloys are the famous Monel alloys. They have high strength and good plasticity. In the atmosphere below 750 degrees, the chemical properties Stable, widely used in electrical industry, vacuum tube, chemical industry, medical equipment and marine industry.
Zinc alloy: The main additive elements of zinc alloys are aluminum, copper and magnesium. Zinc alloys can be divided into two types of deformation and casting zinc alloy according to processing technology. Cast zinc alloy has good fluidity and corrosion resistance and is suitable for die-casting instruments. Automotive parts shell and so on.
Magnesium alloys: The alloying elements in magnesium alloys mainly include aluminum and zinc, manganese, and sometimes small amounts of zirconium, hafnium, niobium, etc. Magnesium alloys can also be divided into two major categories: deformation and casting magnesium alloys according to different production processes. Is an important lightweight structural material, widely used in aviation, aerospace industry.
Titanium alloys: Titanium alloys can be divided into three groups according to the organization. (1 titanium is added with aluminum and tin elements. 2 titanium is added with aluminum chromium molybdenum vanadium and other alloying elements. 3 titanium is added with aluminum and vanadium and other elements.) titanium alloy has high strength The density is small, the mechanical properties are good, and the toughness and corrosion resistance are very good. In addition: the titanium alloy has poor process performance and is difficult to cut. In thermal processing, it is very easy to absorb impurities such as oxyhydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, etc., as well as poor abrasion resistance. , The production process is complicated.
Tin-based alloy: Tin-based bearing alloy is tin-bismuth-copper alloy. It has a small friction coefficient, moderate hardness, good toughness, and good wear-resistance, corrosion resistance and thermal conductivity, and is mainly used under high speed and heavy load conditions. Bearing bushes for work.
Third, waste precious metal
Precious metals are the general term for precious metals and rare metals. Since gold and silver are monopolized by the People's Bank of China, the precious metals operated by the Materials Department are mainly platinum group elements. Selenium and antimony are rare elements, often called semimetals.
Platinum: Platinum is a silver-white metal with a melting point of 1769 degrees and a density of 21.45g/cm3. It is mainly used in the chemical industry of electrical instrumentation and in the manufacture of precision alloys.
Palladium: Palladium is a silver-gray metal with a melting point of 1552, a density of 12.16g/cm3, good plasticity, poor corrosion resistance in precious metals, power supply gas meters, chemical industry, and precision alloys.
é“‘: é“‘ is a smoke-grey metal with a melting point of 1960 degrees and a density of 12.44 g/cm3. It is a brittle metal. Power supply gas meters are used for superalloys and precision alloys.
Niobium: Niobium is a silver-gray metal with a melting point of 2443 degrees. It has the highest melting point in precious metals. The density is 22.4 g/cm3. It is a brittle metal, chemically stable, resistant to acid and alkali corrosion, and high in hardness. It is used in electrical and chemical applications. , Light industry and other aspects, preparation of precision alloys.
é•“: Liquid helium is silver-white metal, solid cerium is blue crystalline metal, soft texture, melting point is 29.8 degrees, density is 5.9g/cm3. Chemical stability in the air. é•“ is mainly used in the semiconductor industry, making thermometers, preparation Fusible metals etc.
Indium: Indium is a silvery white metal with a melting point of 156.6 degrees and a density of 7.31g/cm3. It is softer than lead, has good ductility, and is stable in chemical properties. It is mainly used in the preparation of precious metal alloys, low-melting-point alloys, bearing alloys, and electroplating industries. aspect.
Selenium: Selenium is a black or dark gray glassy amorphous ingot (red selenium and gray selenium are crystalline variants of selenium, with the principal component unchanged), belonging to rare elements, also called semimetals. The melting point of selenium is 220 degrees, and the boiling point 685 degrees, density 40808g/cm3, crisp, mainly used in the manufacture of rectifiers, selenium plate, copy cartridges, alloys, enamel and glass industries.
Niobium: Niobium is a silver-gray semimetal, a rare element with a melting point of 450 degrees and a density of 6.24g/cm3. It is brittle, has a high resistivity, and is a counter-magnetic metal, so it is a good semiconductor material. Used to make semiconductor devices, alloys, chemical raw materials and additives for cast iron, rubber, glass and other products.
Arsenic: Arsenic is a silver-gray semi-metal, which is a rare element. The melting point of arsenic is 814 degrees. It sublimes at 613 degrees. Arsenic is easily oxidized in the air. Arsenic oxide is highly toxic (commonly known as arsenic). The density of arsenic is 5.73g/cm3, insoluble in water, insoluble in organic solvents. Used in the manufacture of alloys and semiconductor devices.
Fourth, hard alloy
Cemented carbide commonly known as tungsten steel, is a tool material with high hardness, good wear resistance, red hardness and a certain degree of bending strength. Its wear resistance is 10 to 20 times higher than high speed steel, and its red hardness is also far better than In high speed steel; therefore hard alloy has been widely used in modern machining, petroleum coal mining, metal profile processing, textile, chemical, instrumentation components and defense, weapons, military and other fields. In addition: Carbide The disadvantage is low toughness. Therefore, carbide inserts must be mounted on steel arbors (welding or mechanical clamping), and carbide dies must be installed in steel molds.