Peanut is an important economic crop in China. Peanut is rich in fat and protein. It can be eaten and fed. It is an important industrial raw material and a large export commodity. It has a wide range of uses and has a high status in the national economy. At present, the average yield of peanuts in China is around 3000kg/km2, which has a large potential for increasing production. Mastering its scientific and rational fertilization will be an important way to increase production. According to the characteristics of peanut fertilizer, scientific fertilization can fully satisfy the nutrient demand of peanuts, maximize the effect of fertilizer, and increase peanut yield and quality.
First, the characteristics of peanuts need fertilizer:
1. Nitrogen nutrition: Nitrogen is mainly involved in the synthesis of complex proteins, chlorophyll, phospholipids and other nitrogen-containing substances, promoting branching, leafy, multi-flowering, multi-fruit, and full pods. If the nitrogen is lacking, the peanut leaves are yellowish or white, the stem color is red, the nodules are reduced, the plant growth is poor, and the yield is reduced. However, if there is too much nitrogen, there will be a long-term lodging phenomenon, which will also reduce the yield and quality of peanuts.
2. Phosphorus nutrition: Phosphorus is mainly involved in the synthesis of fat and protein, promotes seed germination, promotes the growth and development of roots and nodules, and enhances the low temperature and drought resistance of peanut seedlings, as well as promoting flowering and fertilization and pod filling. Phosphorus deficiency can cause imbalance of nitrogen metabolism, slow plant growth, poor root and nodule development, reddish brown leaves, late maturity and not full, and low rice yield.
3. Potassium nutrition: Potassium participates in the physiological metabolism of various organisms, enhances the photosynthesis intensity, accelerates the photosynthetic products to the various organs, and can inhibit the length of stems and leaves, prolong the life of the leaves, and enhance the disease resistance and drought tolerance of the plants. It also promotes the symbiotic relationship between peanuts and nodules. Potassium deficiency can cause metabolic disorders in peanuts, dark green, dry edges, hinder the photosynthesis, affect the accumulation and operation of organic matter.
4, calcium nutrition: Calcium can promote the development of peanut roots and nodules, promote the formation and fullness of pods, reduce empty shells, and increase the rate of fruit filling. At the same time, calcium can regulate soil acidity, improve the nutrient environment of peanuts, and promote soil microbial activities. In the absence of calcium, the plants grow slowly, the shell rate is high, and the yield is low.
In addition, peanuts are not important for various trace elements, but they are also important. Molybdenum is beneficial to the synthesis of protein and plays a catalytic role in the nitrogen fixation process of rhizobium. It is an indispensable element in the development of rhizobium. In the absence of molybdenum, rhizobium loses its ability to fix nitrogen. Iron can participate in the redox reaction in crops. And involved in the synthesis of chloroplast protein, peanut iron deficiency chlorophyll can not form, the new leaves become white, stem and leaf growth are inhibited. Manganese has an effect on oxidation, which can promote the stability of stems and leaves and increase the cold resistance of plants. Boron can promote the absorption of calcium, and plays an important role in the transmission system and fertilization results. Boron deficiency can make the conduction disorder, assimilation, root development, root nodule formation will also be affected. Sulfur is also one of the elements involved in protein synthesis. When sulfur is deficient, the color of the leaves is dim and even white, which affects the synthesis of proteins.
Second, the fertilization technology of peanuts is based on the characteristics of peanuts. Reasonable selection of various fertilizers combined with application can increase peanut yield and improve quality. Peanut fertilization should be based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by inorganic fertilizer. Organic fertilizers can increase nutrient structure, improve soil physical and chemical properties, and benefit rhizobial activity and increase nitrogen sources. The combination of organic and chemical fertilizers can reduce the loss and fixation of inorganic fertilizers. In the fertilization period, the base fertilizer should be used as the base fertilizer, and the fertilizer should be properly applied. In the case of applying sufficient base fertilizer, it should be applied in a timely and appropriate amount according to the growth of peanuts.
1. Apply enough base fertilizer: base fertilizer includes base fertilizer and seed fertilizer. The fertilizer applied in combination with the cultivated land before sowing is called the bottom fertilizer, and the fertilizer applied in the ditching or opening of the hole is the seed fertilizer. The base fertilizer and seed fertilizer are the basis of Miao Zhuang, Huawang, Guoduo and fruit. Peanut-based fertilizers account for more than 80% of total fertilizers. Organic fertilizers should be combined with fertilizers such as nitrogen and phosphorus. The specific method of application varies with the type and amount of fertilization. Generally, it should be combined with concentration and concentration. Most of the soil is used as a base fertilizer before sowing. Leave a small part combined with the seeding concentrated ditch or acupoint application. In order to improve the efficiency of phosphate fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer can be piled up for 15-20 days before fertilization. When peanuts are planted, seed dressing with rhizobial agents can increase effective rhizobial bacteria. In addition, seed dressing or soaking with 0.2-0.3% ammonium molybdate or 0.01-0.1% boric acid solution can supplement the trace elements required by peanuts.
2, timely topdressing: according to the growth of peanuts should be timely topdressing, seedling stage topdressing should be carried out before the beginning of the flower, generally topdressing urea 80-100kg / square kilometers, superphosphate 150-200kg / square kilometers, ditching . After flowering, the gypsum powder can be applied 300-400kg/km2, and the superphosphate is 150-200kg/km2, which increases the phosphorus and calcium nutrition in the result period. In the case of peanut seedlings and full fruit de-fertilization and can not be topdressed, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 2% urea can be sprayed 1-2 times, which can play the role of root preservation and leaf retention. Improve the seed setting rate and fruit filling rate.
First, the characteristics of peanuts need fertilizer:
1. Nitrogen nutrition: Nitrogen is mainly involved in the synthesis of complex proteins, chlorophyll, phospholipids and other nitrogen-containing substances, promoting branching, leafy, multi-flowering, multi-fruit, and full pods. If the nitrogen is lacking, the peanut leaves are yellowish or white, the stem color is red, the nodules are reduced, the plant growth is poor, and the yield is reduced. However, if there is too much nitrogen, there will be a long-term lodging phenomenon, which will also reduce the yield and quality of peanuts.
2. Phosphorus nutrition: Phosphorus is mainly involved in the synthesis of fat and protein, promotes seed germination, promotes the growth and development of roots and nodules, and enhances the low temperature and drought resistance of peanut seedlings, as well as promoting flowering and fertilization and pod filling. Phosphorus deficiency can cause imbalance of nitrogen metabolism, slow plant growth, poor root and nodule development, reddish brown leaves, late maturity and not full, and low rice yield.
3. Potassium nutrition: Potassium participates in the physiological metabolism of various organisms, enhances the photosynthesis intensity, accelerates the photosynthetic products to the various organs, and can inhibit the length of stems and leaves, prolong the life of the leaves, and enhance the disease resistance and drought tolerance of the plants. It also promotes the symbiotic relationship between peanuts and nodules. Potassium deficiency can cause metabolic disorders in peanuts, dark green, dry edges, hinder the photosynthesis, affect the accumulation and operation of organic matter.
4, calcium nutrition: Calcium can promote the development of peanut roots and nodules, promote the formation and fullness of pods, reduce empty shells, and increase the rate of fruit filling. At the same time, calcium can regulate soil acidity, improve the nutrient environment of peanuts, and promote soil microbial activities. In the absence of calcium, the plants grow slowly, the shell rate is high, and the yield is low.
In addition, peanuts are not important for various trace elements, but they are also important. Molybdenum is beneficial to the synthesis of protein and plays a catalytic role in the nitrogen fixation process of rhizobium. It is an indispensable element in the development of rhizobium. In the absence of molybdenum, rhizobium loses its ability to fix nitrogen. Iron can participate in the redox reaction in crops. And involved in the synthesis of chloroplast protein, peanut iron deficiency chlorophyll can not form, the new leaves become white, stem and leaf growth are inhibited. Manganese has an effect on oxidation, which can promote the stability of stems and leaves and increase the cold resistance of plants. Boron can promote the absorption of calcium, and plays an important role in the transmission system and fertilization results. Boron deficiency can make the conduction disorder, assimilation, root development, root nodule formation will also be affected. Sulfur is also one of the elements involved in protein synthesis. When sulfur is deficient, the color of the leaves is dim and even white, which affects the synthesis of proteins.
Second, the fertilization technology of peanuts is based on the characteristics of peanuts. Reasonable selection of various fertilizers combined with application can increase peanut yield and improve quality. Peanut fertilization should be based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by inorganic fertilizer. Organic fertilizers can increase nutrient structure, improve soil physical and chemical properties, and benefit rhizobial activity and increase nitrogen sources. The combination of organic and chemical fertilizers can reduce the loss and fixation of inorganic fertilizers. In the fertilization period, the base fertilizer should be used as the base fertilizer, and the fertilizer should be properly applied. In the case of applying sufficient base fertilizer, it should be applied in a timely and appropriate amount according to the growth of peanuts.
1. Apply enough base fertilizer: base fertilizer includes base fertilizer and seed fertilizer. The fertilizer applied in combination with the cultivated land before sowing is called the bottom fertilizer, and the fertilizer applied in the ditching or opening of the hole is the seed fertilizer. The base fertilizer and seed fertilizer are the basis of Miao Zhuang, Huawang, Guoduo and fruit. Peanut-based fertilizers account for more than 80% of total fertilizers. Organic fertilizers should be combined with fertilizers such as nitrogen and phosphorus. The specific method of application varies with the type and amount of fertilization. Generally, it should be combined with concentration and concentration. Most of the soil is used as a base fertilizer before sowing. Leave a small part combined with the seeding concentrated ditch or acupoint application. In order to improve the efficiency of phosphate fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer can be piled up for 15-20 days before fertilization. When peanuts are planted, seed dressing with rhizobial agents can increase effective rhizobial bacteria. In addition, seed dressing or soaking with 0.2-0.3% ammonium molybdate or 0.01-0.1% boric acid solution can supplement the trace elements required by peanuts.
2, timely topdressing: according to the growth of peanuts should be timely topdressing, seedling stage topdressing should be carried out before the beginning of the flower, generally topdressing urea 80-100kg / square kilometers, superphosphate 150-200kg / square kilometers, ditching . After flowering, the gypsum powder can be applied 300-400kg/km2, and the superphosphate is 150-200kg/km2, which increases the phosphorus and calcium nutrition in the result period. In the case of peanut seedlings and full fruit de-fertilization and can not be topdressed, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 2% urea can be sprayed 1-2 times, which can play the role of root preservation and leaf retention. Improve the seed setting rate and fruit filling rate.
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