2.4 Processing and utilization of measurement data
In the early gear measurement, the manual reading indicator (such as dial gauge, etc.) obtained the gear error, and the error amplitude was obtained. It can only be used to judge whether the item to be inspected is qualified or not. The appearance of the electric recorder is manually read. The curve makes the process error analysis possible; the adoption of the computer makes it possible to automatically process the measurement results, analyze the process error and feed the analysis results back to the processing system to correct the machining parameters. The gear error intelligent analysis system integrating expert system and knowledge engineering has also begun to be applied. So far, in the measurement of gear measurement data, the least squares method is widely used, and digital filtering technology is also applied. Although some methods of modern signal processing have been gradually applied to gear measurement data processing, they have not yet been put into practical use.
2.5 Other gear measurement techniques
In the 1990s, non-contact gear measurement technology based on various optical principles (especially the phase shift principle) has been developed [16]. This new method called “parallel measurement†represents gear measurement technology. A new direction of development.
3 CNC gear measuring center and its characteristics [17～18 ]
The gear measurement center uses the principle of coordinate measurement, which is actually a cylindrical (polar) coordinate measuring machine. So far, the United States, Germany, Japan, Switzerland, China, Italy and other countries have produced CNC gear measurement centers. The typical domestic product is the 3903 gear measuring center of Haliang; the typical products abroad are Klingelnberg's P series and M & M's 3000 series. Although the gear measurement centers of various countries are similar in principle and similar in function, there are certain differences in the implementation methods. Mainly in four aspects:
1) In the measurement sensor, etc., the angle measurement generally uses a high-precision circular grating, but the measurement length varies depending on the object to be measured. For gears with very high precision or long workpieces, dual-frequency (or single-frequency) laser interferometers are generally used as the length reference (such as measuring involute or spiral pattern); in other cases, high-precision long gratings are used.
2) In terms of the accuracy of the mechanical system, high-precision shafting (air-floating shafting) is necessary; and the accuracy of linear guides is guaranteed by mechanical precision, and also by error correction technology.
3) In terms of numerical control system, NC open-loop control is often used in the 1970s; after the 1980s, all CNC control, mostly using DC servo motors or stepper motors. AC servo systems or linear motors have been used.
4) In terms of the probe, there are inductive and grating types; one-dimensional, three-dimensional, and even rigid. The rigid probe is without a microsensor. If a rigid probe is used, the instrument is usually dedicated. The gear measurement center is generally composed of a host computer, a CNC numerical control unit, a data acquisition unit, an inter-machine communication interface, a computer and peripherals, a measurement software, and a data processing software. The main features of today's latest CNC gear measurement centers are:
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