According to the editor, the green manure makes full use of the autumn and winter leisure fields. It is a good means for the ancestors to cultivate the land. It is a great treasure of Chinese farming civilization. Zero fertilizer growth will be achieved in 2020, and small green manure can help. With the promotion of mechanization and large-scale planting techniques, green fertilizer has reappeared in many agricultural areas in recent years. Today, this edition invites Cao Weidong, the chief expert of the green fertilizer public welfare industry, to introduce green manure planting techniques and essentials.
The main way in the southern paddy field is to plant winter green manure in rice fields. Winter green manure is mainly purple vetch, followed by fertile radish, rapeseed, and scorpion scorpion and arrow peas. It can also grow economic green manure such as broad beans, peas and broccoli. This article uses the most commonly used Chinese milk vetch as an example. The planting method can be unicast with Chinese milk vetch, or it can be mixed with radish, rape or ryegrass.
The green fertilizer field is prepared to include drying fields, rice harvesting, and trenching. Ditching can be carried out before and after rice harvesting. The sun-dried field is carried out 7 days before the rice harvest, so as to ensure that the soil in the field is dry when the rice is harvested, and to prevent damage to the seedlings of the milk vetch. When harvesting rice, it is better to use high sorghum, that is, the height of rice blast is kept at 30~40cm, and the straw is chopped and returned to the field. After the rice straw is returned to the field, it can form a good complement and promotion effect with the green manure. In the early days, rice stalks could provide shelter for green manure. In the later stage, green manure can cover rice straw and accelerate the decomposition of rice straw. Rice straw can also provide a carbon source for biological nitrogen fixation. At the same time, rice straw is a high-carbon organic matter, and green manure is a high-nitrogen organic matter. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the two is more coordinated, which is helpful for nutrient supply and soil fertility.
Ziyun Yingtian wants to ditch drainage. The muddy fields and the heavy-weight fields should be trenched before the seedlings are planted. Fields with good soil drainage conditions can be trenched after rice harvesting and green manure planting. Small fields, ditching around or centering the ditch. If the soil is sticky or large, in addition to the surrounding ditch, the middle ditch should be added every 5 to 10 meters, and the ditch should be connected. The ditch is 20~25 cm deep and the middle ditch is 15~20 cm deep.
Seed preparation For commercially available seeds that have been seed treated and coated, they can be used directly for sowing. Self-retaining seeds generally require processes such as seeding, rubbing, and salt selection. Sun-breeding is to expose the seeds of the milk vetch in the sun for half a day to one day before planting, which is conducive to seed germination. Rubbing is because the purple vetch has a layer of wax on the skin, it is not easy to absorb water and swell, and it needs to be rubbed before seeding. The simple way is to mix the seeds and fine sand in a ratio of 2:1 and put them in a woven bag for 5~10 minutes. The salt water is selected by pouring the seeds of the milk vetch into the salt water (100 kg water plus 10-13 kg) with a specific gravity of 1.05~1.09, and picking up the sclerotia, weeds and impurities floating on the water surface, and then using the water. Wash the salt.
Rhizobium is inoculated in rice fields that have not been planted with Rhizobium for many years. Choose a marketed liquid or solid rhizobium agent with a formal registration certificate and dress it according to the instructions. Note that the mixed bacteria should be carried out in a cool place indoors, and the seeds after inoculation should be sown within 12 hours.
Seeding about 2 kg per mu. The sowing methods include rice bottom sowing and rice seeding after harvesting. In general, the suitable sowing date of Chinese milk vetch is gradually transitioned from north to south from the end of August to the beginning of November. At the same time, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the harvest of single and double-season rice and the season of planting in the coming year.
Rice-bottomed sowing of Chinese milk vetch, suitable for late rice filling or rice ear hooks, generally 10 to 25 days before rice harvest. The green manure after rice sorghum is more flexible. The rice is ditched and sowed in time after harvesting. Ditching can also be carried out after sowing in the milk vetch, but it should not be too late to consider the sowing date. Combine rice with sorghum.
Seeding can be carried out by means of a manual portable seeder, a motorized duster, etc., to achieve uniformity.
In the middle management of the fields that have been trenched before sowing, it is necessary to clear the ditch in time. For plots that have not been trenched before sowing, they should be replenished in time. Fields that have not been trenched should be trenched after the rice is harvested and the soil is relatively moist. In the case of drought in winter, the surface of the soil appears white, and the leaves of the Chinese milk vetch should be flooded and drought-resistant when the leaves are red and yellow. It is better to moisten the surface without water. When there is a lot of rainfall, it is necessary to observe the waterlogging situation and clear the ditch in time.
The common diseases of Chinese milk vetch are sclerotinia and powdery mildew. The physical control method of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is to select and remove the sclerotia in the seed by using salt water to make a reasonable rotation. When the disease is found in the field, it is controlled with 0.1% carbendazim or thiophanate spray. The physical control method of powdery mildew is to open a drainage ditch to prevent water accumulation in the field. The chemical control is sprayed with 1000 times of liquid thiophanate, or 50% of the rusting emulsifiable concentrate of 50% and 100 grams of water per acre.
Common pests are aphids and leaf miners. When controlling aphids, 25% of the cockroach mist (anti-èšœå¨) can be sprayed with 20 grams of water and 50 kilograms of water per acre. When controlling leaf miner, it is controlled by 20% fenvalerate 1500 times solution + 5.7% methyl salt of 2000 times mixture, and it is controlled 2 to 3 times every 7~10 days. Controlling aphids and leaf miners should avoid flowering to reduce the killing of bees and honey pollution.
Southwest
Guangye Zihuazizi
The main crops in the southwest include corn, tobacco and potatoes. The main green manure is corn, tobacco and green manure or crop rotation. The region is rich in light and heat resources, and the climate is relatively mild. However, part of the winter is mainly wet and cold, suitable for green manure growth. Green manure is mainly composed of light-leaf purple scorpion and fat radish. This article introduces the most commonly used zelkova.
The sowing date of planting technology corn and tobacco green manure should be selected before and after harvesting. If the corn and tobacco can be harvested before the end of September, the green manure will be planted by rotation. That is, the corn and tobacco can be planted after harvesting. Otherwise, it is recommended to plant green manure by means of nesting from August to September. Planting green manure in potato fields can be done after harvesting.
The seeding rate of the zelkova sinensis is 4~5 kg per mu, and the seeding method is generally adopted. When planting green manure in a rotation mode, spread it as far as possible with a rotary tiller (about 5 cm deep). In areas where conditions permit, mechanical or artificial seeding and hole sowing are best, which can ensure the quality of seeding and increase the emergence rate and survival rate.
Weeds and pest management are relatively simple without extreme weather conditions. However, under humid and hot conditions, aphids and powdery mildew may occur. It is recommended to prevent it. When the seedling period is about 10 cm, spray 25% carbendazim to prevent disease. Spraying pyrethrins to control aphids.
The first technique is to use the pressure to make green manure. Generally speaking, 25 to 35 days before corn planting, tobacco, and potato planting, it is more appropriate to turn the light leaf alfalfa hazelnut into green manure. The amount of overturning is generally 1000~1500 kg/mu. If the amount of fresh grass is too high, it can be partially castrated for forage or used as a green manure for other fields. Rolling 1000~1500kg/mu light leaf alfalfa hazelnut, corn, tobacco can be less base
20% to 30%.
The second is castration feeding the animals. It can be castrated twice, from December to January, and in April of the following year. In the light purple scorpion scorpion grows vigorously, the stem length is about 60 cm, and all cover the ground, castration is used as a forage to feed the animals. When casting, the height of the scorpion is 3 to 5 cm, which creates conditions for regeneration. After the second castration, the roots were turned over to make green manure.
The third is drying or baking to produce hay powder. During the vigorous period of the growth of the purple scorpion, the early bud period (usually in early April), the weather is chosen to be castrated in the morning, and the height of the stubble is about 3 to 5 cm. The cut light purple scorpion scorpion is bundled, each 0.5~1.5 kg, and dried for 4~5 hours until the leaves are wilted. At this time, the water of the purple scorpion scorpion is about 50%. It is then placed on the drying field to dry until the leaves and small stems are easily broken by hand, and the main stem is easily broken by hand. At this time, the moisture of the purple leaf scorpion is about 17%. When using the baking method, you can use the local roasting tobacco room to put the dried leaves of the purple leaf hazelnut into the roasting tobacco room, open the skylight and the ground hole, and bake at a high temperature of 60~80 °C for 24 hours, then close the skylight and the hole. Bake for 15~18 hours to make the moisture content below 17%. Then turn off the fire and open the skylight, the hole, and naturally regain the tide for 5~10 hours, then squat the hay. Hay can be used to make grass powder storage.
North China
February Lan Mao Ye Zizi
The North China region is mainly the winter green manure-spring corn (cotton) method. The winter green manure varieties in this region can be used in February and Maozizi, among which the northerly regions such as Beijing and Tianjin are dominated by February. In the southerly region, both the hairy scorpion and the second month can be used.
Planting technology in February, the amount of blue seeding is 1.5~2 kg per mu, and the seeding amount of the scorpion scorpion is about 5 kg per mu.
In the northerly region, the second month of sowing, generally adopts the newly developed corn green manure full-bombing technology, that is, after the spring corn is planted, it is easy to operate at any time, and the February blue seed can be sprinkled into the corn row. After the emergence of the blue orchid in February, we will no longer carry out weed management such as weeding.
In the southerly cornfield, you can use the green leaf scorpion and the red sapling for green manure. You can sprinkle the green manure seeds into the corn row when the sensation is good. You can also plant the green manure by spreading the corn after the corn is harvested in the middle and late September. After that, use a rotary tiller to spin, and wait for the rain to emerge. The use of a wheat planter to sow the scorpion scorpion and the sapling is also a very good method of sowing.
When planting green manure in cotton fields, February Lan will be in the cotton field from August to September and the leaves will be sprinkled into the cotton field from September to October 20. At this time, the seeds can be closely contacted with the soil by manual treading. To ensure seed emergence.
In February, Lan is both tolerant and thin, but it also likes fertilizer. When planting 5 kilograms of urea per acre before planting, it can greatly increase the output of fresh orchids in February and play the role of promoting fertilizer with small fertilizer. The scorpion scorpion is a legume green manure. If the fertility of the plot is not bad, generally no base fertilizer is applied. If the ground force is poor, 3 to 5 kg of urea per acre can be applied to increase the yield of green manure.
When using technology as a green manure, February Lantern and Hairy Hazelnuts are rolled and soiled before corn and cotton are planted. First use the smashing machine to kill mites, cotton stalks, corn stalks, etc. can generally be broken at the same time, so the cotton stalks and corn stalks that are too late to be removed during the harvest season can be left to be crushed and returned to the field in the second year, and then turned into the soil with a large tiller. . After the scorpion scorpion is turned back to the field, the nitrogen application rate of corn and cotton should be reduced by 20%. In February, the blue pressure will be returned to the field, but the fertilizer will not be reduced.
The more important function of green manure in North China is the combined effect of ecological environment and landscape. In particular, February Lancai can be used as a high-quality open field vegetable and should be fully utilized. Picking vegetables should be carried out during the bud period, usually in the middle of April of the second year. The orchid period in February is about 50 days, which is a good sight for sightseeing.
Northwest
è‹•å¶è‹•åè‰æœ¨æ¨¨
There are more than one season in the northwest and two seasons. In addition to the winter leisure fields, there are a large number of autumn leisure fields, which are suitable for the green manure after wheat and the green manure method. The use of wheat crops (wheat or beer barley) for more than two months to grow green manure crops is an important means to make full use of the rain and heat resources and cultivate cultivated land in the northwest.
Planting techniques The green manure crops in the northwestern region include Maoyezizi, arrowhead peas, and grass rafts. The amount of sowing seeds is about 4 kilograms per mu, the arrow peas are 10 to 15 kilograms per acre, and the grass rafts are about 1.5 kilograms per acre. It can also be mixed with locusts and arrow peas. The ratio of mixed seedings is about 1:4, that is, about 1.5 kg/mu for locusts and about 6 kg/mu for arrow peas. The scorpion scorpion is strong, and the arrow pea peas are strong, and the two can increase the grass yield and forage quality.
Green manure can be used in both nesting and post-harvest. The geranium and arrow peas can be sown in the winter (spring) wheat and beer barley heading to the maturity stage. The most suitable sowing period is the winter (spring) wheat, beer barley flowering to the filling stage, that is, June 20~ July 5th. Wheat fields harvested before the end of July can be harvested after wheat. Immediately after the wheat crops are harvested, the wheat yellow water or the wheat harvest will be filled immediately, and the shallow tillage will be carried out in the suitable period. The seeds will be planted before July 25, and the no-till plate can be planted. After the whole seedling, the first seedling water was poured, and the whole growing season was filled 3 times.
The seeding method is mainly based on spreading. Sprinkle the green manure seeds evenly into the wheat field and immediately irrigate. When harvesting wheat crops, they should be harvested with high sorghum, and the height of stubble should be more than 20 cm. After the wheat harvest, it should be pulled in time and then watered. After harvesting, harvest fresh grass from green manure and irrigate for 2~3 times. The land with high soil fertility may not be topdressed, otherwise 2~4 kg of urea per mu will be applied to the second water to promote growth.
The use of technology has two forms: invigorating the livestock, rooting and returning to the field, and turning back to the field. Among them, the young and the young, the roots and the returning to the field are the most commonly used methods. The scorpion scorpion and the arrow pea are suitable for harvesting in mid-October, and are prepared for forage after harvest. The grass raft is used as a forage, and the upper part of the ground is divided into green in late September. It is best to leave 15~20 cm when harvesting, which is good for preventing wind and sand and protecting cultivated land. When the pressure is returned to the field, the grass scorpion, the scorpion scorpion and the arrow pea peas are cut in the middle and late September, and then the machine is used to cut the vertical and horizontal traverse, then turn over, level the field, fill the winter water, and promote decomposing. When the grass rafts are pressed, try to make the roots of the rafts all planted in the soil. In the spring of the following year, a small amount of grass rafts remained and could be removed manually. Green manure, green and young animals, and roots and landscaping can reduce the application of fertilizer nitrogen by 10%. All the land is turned into a green manure, and the fertilization of the post-crop crop can reduce the application of nitrogen
20% to 30%.
Northeast
Legume Crops
If there are conditions in the northeastern region, corn-soybean rotation technology should be used as much as possible, that is, one year of corn and one year of soybeans. This is actually one of the typical green manure cultivation techniques.
Due to the serious degradation of black soil in Northeast China, it is necessary to create conditions for the development of green manure production. Currently, strip-type corn-legume crop rotation technology can be used. According to the width of the local large-scale agricultural machinery, the width of the strips is arranged. The adjacent areas are planted with corn, and the soybeans or other legumes (including green manure crops such as grass rafts) are planted in the vicinity, and the strips can be exchanged in the coming year. In this way, two or more crops in the same field can coexist. The first advantage is that the land can be used to raise land and slow down the degradation of cultivated land through rotation planting. Second, the coexistence of multiple crops can reduce the production risk of single crops. To stabilize production and reduce disasters.
Total 1 | <First <Prev 1 Next> Last> |
share to:
Wall Lamp,Solar Wall Lights,Garden Wall Lights,Outdoor Wall Lantern
NINGBO ZHENGUO INTELLINGENT LIGHTING CO.,LTD , https://www.intellingentlighting.com