Ivan Naumov and Russell Hemley, researchers at the Carnegie Institution of Washington, D.C., conducted an in-depth study of the chemical properties of hydrogen and found that under extreme pressure, hydrogen and graphene have striking similarities. This research result is the cover recommended article of the “Review of Chemical Research†in December.
The research teams at Naumoff and Hemley observed changes in hydrogen at pressures between 2 and 3.5 million times normal atmospheric pressure. Surprisingly, under extreme high pressure conditions, hydrogen is converted into a monolayer structure, which is very different from scientists' predictions many years ago.
Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. The structure of hydrogen is surprisingly simple—each hydrogen atom consists of a single electron. As early as a century ago when quantum mechanics was born, hydrogen became the test field for chemical bond theory. However, in the 1930s, scientists used an early quantum mechanical model to speculate that under extreme high pressure conditions, hydrogen would become a metal-glossy, highly conductive material.
According to the report of the Physicist Organization Network on December 17 (Beijing time), researchers found that the monolayer structure of the hydrogen ring (six hydrogen atoms) is very similar to that of carbon compound graphene. Each layer of graphene contains a number of carbon rings composed of 6 carbon atoms and exhibits a honeycomb structure. Graphene was synthesized about 10 years ago and its quality is light, but it is extremely tough, and it has very good electrical and thermal conductivity. These features herald a series of revolutionary technologies such as advanced optical electronic screens, high-performance photovoltaic cells, and others.
The results of the study indicate that the stability of the hydrogen structure under special conditions results from the intrinsic stability of the hydrogen ring. These hydrogen rings also have "aromaticity", which is well understood in the carbon-containing molecules benzene and graphene: the aromatic structure presents a ring, which can be seen as the alternation of single-bond carbon atoms and double-bond carbon atoms. arrangement. In fact, the electrons constituting these single and double bond atoms are alternately arranged to float inside the ring structure, which increases the stability of the ring structure.
This study reversed one forecast and confirmed another. Despite the discovery of the dense monolayer structure of hydrogen atoms, many people were surprised. However, 30 years ago, when graphene was not discovered, chemists predicted the structure based on simple chemical theory. This study confirms this and has further findings. (Reporter Liu Yuanyuan)
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