Grapes are common fruits in life, and some pests and diseases will occur in the process of grape growing. Most people will choose to use pesticides for prevention and control. This article will introduce the techniques of drug control for common pests and diseases of grapes for your reference.
First, grape white rot : This disease is mainly caused by the ear, and sometimes the new shoots and leaves are also invaded. Generally, the ear close to the ground has its ear shaft and fruit stem first, and the water-stained lesions appear at the beginning of the affected part, gradually expanding, surrounding the cob, making the fruit soft and rot, and the disease particles are easy to fall off during the vibration. The leaves are mostly on the tip of the leaf or at the edge of the leaf. The early stage of the lesion is a water-stained light brown near-circular or irregular large lesion with a different shade of brown.
Control methods: (1) remove pathogens. During the onset of the disease, the diseased ears, diseased grains and diseased leaves on the trees and on the ground were removed in time, and concentrated and buried. (2) Reasonable pruning, timely tying vines, topping the heart, removing the side shoots and thinning leaves. (3) Spray 3-5 degree stone sulphur mixture or spray 50% Fumei WP WP 200 times before the germination of early spring grapes; spray 50% sterilized WP 800 after spreading leaves Double liquid.
Second, grape black pox disease : This disease can affect the leaves, fruit shoots, petioles, leaf stems, cobs, tendrils and inflorescences of grapes. At the beginning of the leaf, there are small spots of reddish brown to dark brown in the shape of the needle eye, surrounded by a hazel halo, which gradually enlarges to form a lesion with a diameter of 1-4 mm. In the late stage, the mesophyll is broken and the leaves are perforated. The fruit surface has a nearly round light brown spot, the purple spot is brown around the lesion, the center is grayish white, and the new shoot, petiole, cob, and inflorescence produce a dark brown elliptical slightly concave lesion. Soon the middle part of the lesion gradually turns grayish black, and the edge is Purple black or dark brown.
Control methods: (1) After the autumn leaves, combine the winter shears to completely remove the dead skin on the diseased vines, diseased leaves, diseased fruits and main vines. (2) Spray 3-5 degrees stone sulphur mixture in early spring. When the grape shoots grow to 3-5 leaves, spray Bordeaux mixture once every 10 days, or 50% carbendazim WP 800-1000 times.
3. Grape anthracnose : The disease is mainly harmful to the fruit. It occurs first at the tip of the ear near the ground. At the beginning, water-stained brown spots appear on the fruit surface, gradually expanding, and it is a round dark brown lesion. Slightly depressed, after 2-3 days, small black spots are produced and arranged in a concentric pattern. When the fruit stems and cobs are damaged, elliptical concave lesions are produced, and the leaves are densely rounded and small brown spots, and the leaves turn yellow and fall off.
Control methods: (1) Combine winter pruning, remove the secondary shoots left in the plants and scaffolds, and remove litter in time. (2) Spray 500 times before the germination, or 100-200 times Fumei, to clear the winter pathogen. (3) When conidia occurs in the middle to late June to early July, every 10 days; spray 800-1000 times of detoxifying WP, or 50% carbendazim 600-800 times , or half-size Bordeaux mixture 200 times solution.
Fourth, grape downy mildew : This disease is mainly harmful to the leaves, but also harmful young shoots, flower buds and young fruit and other young parts. There are irregular yellowish translucent oily spots on the front of the leaves, which gradually expand yellow-green, and the edge boundaries are not obvious. Most of the small spots are connected into an irregular or polygonal large lesion, and yellowish white on the back of the leaves. The frosty mildew layer, the disease spots become pale brown later. The young shoots also showed oil-immersed lesions with yellow-white mildew on the surface but less than the leaves. In the early stage of the disease, the diseased part became pale green, and the late stage spots became dark brown and subsided, producing a layer of creamy white mold, and the fruit became hard and atrophied.
Control methods: (1) During the growing season and autumn trimming, the diseased branches, diseased leaves, diseased fruits, and concentrated burns should be completely removed. (2) Cut off the excess auxiliary shoots and leaves in time to create ventilation and light transmission conditions. (3) Spray a small amount of Bordeaux mixture once every 10 days before the onset of the disease for protection. Immediately after the onset, spray 50% captan 400 times solution, or 65% dasen zinc 500 times solution, or 25% metalaxyl 800-1000 times solution.
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