Misuse of safety protection equipment selection and use

With the gradual establishment of the socialist market economic system, various types of economy such as foreign-funded enterprises, township enterprises, and private enterprises have been developing rapidly. At this stage, occupational health surveillance is faced with serious problems in terms of work scope, management system, and guardianship requirements. challenge. Workers in the production process will inevitably come into contact with dust, harmful gases, noise and other occupational hazards. For example, there are no engineering protection facilities such as ventilation, dust, and poison, which can easily lead to occupational poisoning and occupational diseases. Wearing suitable protective equipment is the last line of defense to protect the safety and health of workers. Proper selection of suitable protective equipment can effectively prevent occupational poisoning and occupational diseases. The correct selection of labor protection supplies is a prerequisite for ensuring the safety and health of workers. The selection of labor protection supplies should adhere to the following principles:

I. Use labor protection products according to national standards

The national standard "Rules for the Selection of Protective Equipment for Labor" (GB11651-89) and the national standard for the provision of labor protection articles and related regulations provide the statutory technical basis for the selection of labor protection articles.

Second, according to the relevant provisions of the state to purchase labor protection products

In order to ensure the quality of labor protection supplies, the production of special labor protection products in China implements the production permit, safety appraisal certificate and product certification certificate and safety sign system. Enterprises that produce special labor protection articles shall also carry out self-inspection according to the standards on which the products are based and issue a product certification. Special labor protection articles shall be subject to random inspection by the local quality supervision and inspection agency for labor protection articles before leaving the factory, and the inspection agency shall issue batches of safety appraisal certificates. And through the special labor protection products safety sign management agencies, strictly review and issue safety signs. At present, China has helmets, filter masks, filter-type gas mask canisters, safety belts, welding masks, welding goggles, anti-static conductive safety shoes, dust masks, protective toe safety shoes (boots), resistance Combat protective clothing, safety nets, anti-impact eye protectors, rubber surface anti-dust safety boots, anti-acid clothing, anti-static clothing, acid and alkali resistant shoes, anti-puncture shoes, insulated leather shoes, low-voltage insulating rubber shoes and other 19 kinds of special labor protection Supplies must be issued with a production license before production, and a "safety certificate" must be posted on the product. When purchasing these 19 kinds of protective equipment, you should check whether there is a “three certificates” sign, and if not, it is an illegal product.

III. Term of use and retirement

The period of use of labor protection articles is related to many factors such as the environment of the workplace, the frequency of use of labor protection articles, and the nature of labor protection articles. Some regions have formulated rigid regulations based on actual conditions: For example, according to the operating environment in Shandong Province, the period of use of helmets for factories and mines shall be defined as: 36 months for metallurgical rolling mill slab operations; 48 hours for cold water operations; coal operations, civil works 24 months of operation; installer, driller, and sampler for geological pit survey operations for 12 months.

In general, the following three principles should be taken into consideration:

1, the degree of corrosion

According to different operations, the wear of labor protection articles can be divided into heavy corrosion operations, medium corrosion operations, and light corrosion operations. The degree of corrosion can reflect the operating environment and the use of the type of work.

2, loss situation

According to the degree of protection function degradation can be divided into vulnerable to loss, moderate loss and mandatory scrap. The loss status reflects the protection performance of the product.

3, durable performance

According to the use cycle can be divided into durable, medium-duty and not durable. The durability performance reflects the material condition of labor protection articles, such as flame-retardant protective clothing made of high-temperature flame-retardant fiber fabrics, and durable than flame-retardant protective clothing made of flame-retardant fabrics treated with flame retardants. Durability reflects the overall quality of protective equipment.

IV. Useful life of common special protective equipment

1, seat belt life

After using the seat belt for two years, it should be checked once per batch purchase. If qualified, the safety belt can continue to be used. For the tested sample belt, the safety rope must be replaced before it can be used again. Use frequent ropes. Always check the appearance. If any abnormalities are found, replace them with new ones. The belt is used for 3 to 5 years.

2, anti-static shoes and anti-static overalls precautions

(1) GB 12014-89 “Electrostatic Workwear” stipulates that when using anti-static clothing, it must be worn with the anti-static shoes specified in GB 4385.

(2) Due to multiple washings, the anti-static performance of anti-static overalls will be reduced. Therefore, the operating period set by enterprises with high ambient temperature, high labor intensity, and frequent washing times should be appropriately shorter.

(3) During the wearing process of anti-static shoes, the resistance test should not be performed for more than 200 hours. If it fails, it cannot be used.

3. Precautions for the service life of electrically insulating shoes and insulating gloves

Electrically insulating shoes include: electrical insulating leather shoes, cloth rubber shoes, plastic rubber shoes, and plastic shoes. Each unit can reasonably establish the use period according to the labor intensity and operating environment. But pay attention to the following: First, storage, since the factory day more than 18 months, only to conduct electrical performance preventive testing; Second, where the bottom of the corrosive damage, can not be used for electrical insulation shoes; Is to conduct at least one electrical performance test every 6 months during use. If it fails, it cannot be used. The period of use of insulating gloves, each unit can be made according to the frequency of use to make provisions, but must be required before each use blow air self-test, at least once every six months to do an electrical test, if not qualified to continue to use.

4、Precautions when equipped with hearing protectors

Hearing aids include anti-noise earplugs, anti-noise earmuffs, anti-noise helmets. In general, the anti-noise helmet has the best anti-noise effect. It can not only block the air conduction noise, but also can reduce the damage of the bone conduction noise to the ear. It should be used in a strong noise environment, and the anti-noise performance of the earmuffs should be followed. The ear plugs have the worst anti-noise effect, and the general sound attenuation values ​​in the 1000 to 2000 Hz band are only 10 to 20 dB.

5. Labor protection articles shall be scrapped if they meet one of the following conditions:

(1) Does not comply with national standards, industry standards, or local standards

(2) Failing to meet the functional indicators stipulated by the higher level labor protection safety supervision agency.

(3) Damaged during use or storage and storage period. The inspection has not reached the minimum target of the effective protective function of the original regulations.

Sixth, labor protection supplies standard

Any person who is engaged in a variety of operations or working in a variety of labor environments should be equipped with labor protection equipment in accordance with the type of work and the work environment of the main operations. If the labor protective equipment provided is not applicable to other types of work or other labor environment, it shall be provided with additional or necessary labor protection equipment.

There are mainly the following requirements:

1. Equipped with dust masks for workers of some types of work, gauze masks should not be used as dust masks.

2, the release of anti-virus protective gear should be based on the types of workers may be exposed to poison, accurately select the appropriate canister (box), each time before use should carefully check whether it is effective, and in accordance with national standards, regular replacement of canisters (box).

3. The gloves made of canvas, yarn, velvet, leather, rubber, plastic, latex and other materials are collectively referred to as “laborproof gloves.” The employer shall prevent the cutting, grinding, burning, scalding, freezing, and The actual needs of electric shock, static electricity, corrosion, flooding, etc., are equipped with gloves with different protective properties and materials.

4, "hearing device" is the collective name of earplugs, earmuffs and anti-noise helmet, the employer can according to the intensity and frequency of the workplace noise, for the operator.

5. In addition to the periodical replacement of insulating gloves and insulating shoes, it is also necessary to make inspections of the insulation performance before each use and conduct retesting of insulation performance every six months.

6, for the eye may be subject to iron and other debris splash damage work, the use of ordinary glass after the impact of the fragile, will cause the wearer's eyes indirect injury, must wear anti-impact glasses.

7. Personnel involved in production management, dispatch, security, security inspections, internships, and outside visitors should be equipped with appropriate labor protection supplies in accordance with their regular production areas.

8. When the production equipment is damaged or fails, the toxic and hazardous gas may be leaked in the workplace, in addition to the workers with regular labor protection supplies, but also on the spot conspicuous place to place the necessary anti-virus protective gear to prepare for escape, rescue Should be used urgently. Employers should also have special personnel and special measures to protect them in good standing condition.

9. Construction sites, bridges, ships, industrial installations and other high-level workplaces must establish safety nets in accordance with regulations. Operators should reasonably select and wear corresponding types of safety belts according to different operating conditions.

10. Considering that one type of work may have different operating environments, different actual working hours and different labor intensity in different companies, and the differences in climate, environment, and economic conditions among provinces and cities, the type of labor protection equipment provided by each type of work is The minimum standard for equipment is not specified for the period of use of labor protection products. When the province’s comprehensive production safety management department formulates its own equipment standards, additional necessary labor protection products shall be issued in accordance with actual conditions, and the period of use shall be stipulated.

Seventh, labor protection articles classified according to the protective parts

(1) Hard hats. It is a protector for protecting the head, preventing impact and squeezing injuries. Mainly plastic, rubber, glass, adhesive tape, cold and bamboo and rattan helmets.

(2) Breathing gear. It is an important product to prevent pneumoconiosis and occupational diseases. Divided into three categories according to the use of dust, anti-virus, and supply, according to the principle of action is divided into two types of filter type, isolation type.

(3) Eye protection. It is used to protect the eyes and face of workers and prevent external injuries. Divided into welding eye protectors, furnace eye protectors, impact eye protectors, microwave protection tools, laser protective glasses and X-ray, chemical, dust and other eye protection.

(4) Hearing protectors. Hearing protectors should be used when working over 90dB (A) or more for a short period of time in an environment with 115dB (A) or more. There are three types of earplugs, earmuffs and helmets.

(5) Protective shoes. Used to protect the foot from harm. At present, the main products are anti-mite, insulation, anti-static, acid, alkali, oil, anti-skid shoes.

(6) Protective gloves. For hand protection, the main acid and alkali gloves, electrical insulation in sets, welding gloves, anti-X-ray gloves, asbestos gloves.

(7) Protective clothing. It is used to protect employees from physical and chemical factors in the labor environment. Protective clothing is divided into special protective clothing and general operation clothing.

(8) Fall arresters. Used to prevent falling accidents. There are seat belts, safety ropes and safety nets.

(9) Skin care products. For the protection of exposed skin. Divided into skin cream and detergent.

Personal protective equipment belongs to the first level of prevention in the comprehensive measures to prevent occupational hazards. When working conditions cannot be improved from protective equipment, it is still the main protective measure.

However, there are several misunderstandings in the use of personal protective equipment by many corporate managers and workers:

Myth # 1: Personal protective equipment can be worn or not

Experts pointed out that personal protective equipment can eliminate or reduce the impact of occupational disease hazards on workers' health. The Occupational Disease Prevention Act stipulates that employers must provide workers with protective equipment that meets the requirements, and that workers are obliged to wear protective equipment.

Misunderstanding 2: No odor in the workshop, you can not wear personal protective equipment

Experts pointed out that many of the harmful gases are colorless, odorless, tasteless, and do not have any alertness and do not feel it. Even if it is odorous, there are limitations and individual differences in the sensory organs' perception of the outside world. Therefore, excessive belief in feelings may lead to occupational poisoning.

Myth #3: Gauze masks can be used to prevent dust

Ordinary gauze masks cannot be used as dust masks. The gauze masks we use today are cheap, sweat-absorbent in the summer, and warm in the winter. However, such masks (even if they are 16 layers thick) cannot protect against the hazards of respiratory dust from pneumoconiosis. Special dust masks are required for dust protection.

Myth 4: Medical Masks Used to Prevent Drugs

Medical masks can prevent disease from spreading through droplets, but they cannot filter toxic gases. For different poisons, use different respirator masks. General volatile organic gases can use activated carbon respirator.

Myth 5: Dust masks washing and reuse

Dust mask filter material can not be washed. The high-efficiency filters used in dust masks are usually non-woven materials, and some rely on electrostatic charges on fibers to filter respiratory dust. After washing, the microstructure of the filter material is impaired, cracks and holes that are invisible to the naked eye occur, electrostatic charges are also greatly lost, and the filtration performance is severely degraded.

Protective equipment is a passive protective measure. In any case, it should first adopt advanced production technology, do a good job of engineering protection facilities to actively prevent occupational diseases, and consider it as a protection facility if it cannot completely eliminate the occupational hazards. Workers are equipped with appropriate personal protective equipment. It is worth noting that personal protective equipment is not a panacea, and any personal protective equipment has its applicability, and it has limitations. It needs to consider the use of the environment and the scope of application of protective equipment.

Enterprises that have toxic and hazardous substances in their workplaces, if they do not have effective protective facilities or laborers do not use personal protection, can easily cause occupational poisoning and other serious accidents. For example, the electronic components cleaning and printing industries cause peripheral nerve damage due to the use of white hexane oil. Shoe and luggage manufacturing industries as well as spraying and adhesive production processes will use some organic solvents containing benzene and benzene series, which can cause damage to the blood system. Commonly there are leukemia, aplastic anemia and so on. Some physically sensitive workers may cause systemic skin damage due to exposure to trichloroethylene during the degreasing of hardware. Blasting, construction, sandblasting, and processing of gemstones caused silicosis due to exposure to higher dust containing free silica. Other occupational diseases may also be exposed to different occupational hazards, such as high temperatures in sanitation workers' operating environment, harmful gases and noise in automobile exhaust gas; professional drivers and gas station workers may be exposed to organic solvents in gasoline; white-collar workers working in office buildings There are electromagnetic radiation, ozone and other harmful factors in the workplace of the administrative personnel; there are pressures and occupational tensions in the banking and securities industry staff; the ultra-clean workshop workers are prone to change in tension, depression, anxiety, paranoia and other emotional changes.

Disease prevention and control has become a hot issue in the society in recent years. Occupational hazards are everywhere. Only by raising awareness of the entire society, adopting comprehensive prevention and control measures, and improving the working environment can we effectively prevent and treat occupational diseases. In addition to the support and attention of the employer, the government and the competent authorities should also be more concerned about the laborers, strengthen supervision and law enforcement, ensure the safety of life and health of workers, and create a development-oriented, harmonious and innovative society. Make due contributions.

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