The energy structure is shifting from coal to diversification, and new energy “lights up†new hopes. At present, China's energy structure is shifting from coal-based to diversified. The energy development momentum is shifting from traditional energy growth to new energy growth, and the process of clean and low-carbonization is accelerating. The beautiful Chinese paintings are constantly expanding. The scale is constantly expanding. As of the end of November, China's wind power installed capacity of 160 million kilowatts, photovoltaic power generation installed capacity of 126 million kilowatts, biomass power generation installed capacity of 15 million kilowatts, an increase of 11.8%, 67.1% and 23.6% respectively. According to a report released by the International Energy Agency, global solar photovoltaic capacity increased by 50% in 2016, of which China contributed more than half. From the perspective of renewable energy, it is estimated that by the end of 2017, China's renewable energy power generation grid-connected capacity can reach 656 million kilowatts, an increase of about 110% compared with 2012, and an average annual growth rate of about 16% in the past five years. The structure continues to be optimized. On the one hand, new energy development is advancing from resource-intensive areas to load-concentrated areas. "At present, the layout is optimized according to the principle of centralized development and decentralized development, long-distance delivery and near-consumption. Taking photovoltaic as an example, the proportion of newly installed northwestern regions dropped by 17% this year, and the proportion of East China and Central China accounted for Raised by 9 percentage points and 6 percentage points respectively. Li Chuangjun, deputy director of the New Energy and Renewable Energy Department of the National Energy Administration, told reporters. On the other hand, the pattern of new energy concentration and decentralized development is gradually taking shape. “Distributed power generation has the advantages of low power loss, low transmission cost, and low land and space resources. In the first 11 months of this year, distributed PV installed capacity was 17.23 million kilowatts, a year-on-year increase of 3.7 times.†Abandoning the wind and abandoning the light has always been the "difficult" of the development of new energy. In the first three quarters of this year, the abandonment and light rejection rates were 12% and 5.6% respectively, down 6.7 percentage points and 3.8 percentage points respectively. The windfall rates in key areas such as Xinjiang and Gansu decreased by 12.1 percentage points and 10.5 percentage points respectively. . Guo Jiaofeng, a researcher at the Institute of Resources and Environmental Policy of the Development Research Center of the State Council, believes that new energy technologies are also constantly improving. "China's photovoltaic power generation efficiency is about 14%-16%, and now it can reach 16%-18%, better. It can reach about 20%. " Clean and efficient, but also face growing troubles. The 19th report put forward the promotion of energy production and consumption revolution, and build a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system. Promote clean and low-carbon development, and new energy is not small. “Wind power, solar power generation, and solar thermal utilization do not emit pollutants and greenhouse gases in the energy production process, and can significantly reduce the consumption of various types of fossil energy, while reducing the ecological damage of coal mining and the water consumption of coal-fired power generation. The material does not increase carbon dioxide emissions during the whole life cycle from growth to final use. Biomass power generation emits far less pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and soot than coal-fired power generation.†Li Chuangjun introduced, as of November, 271.8 billion kilowatts. At the time, wind power generation has replaced about 80 million tons of standard coal, achieving carbon dioxide emission reductions of 150 million tons. At the same time of rapid development, new energy is also facing a lot of growing troubles – cost is still one of the main bottlenecks. “We have made a simple estimation. When the proportion of new energy generation reaches 10%, the consumption cost of the whole system needs to increase by about 20%. New energy does not go online, and the opportunity cost is lost. If you go online, you need to eliminate the cost. If the cost is unbearable, It is very likely that there will be abandonment of wind and light," said Lin Boqiang, dean of the China Energy Policy Research Institute of Xiamen University. In addition, cross-provincial cross-regional transmission and network fees also have excessive problems. "Yunnan hydropower sent Guangdong electricity price to an average of 0.2375 yuan per kWh, but Yundian sent Guangdong to send electricity to the electricity cost of 0.1995 yuan per kWh, the transmission costs of the framework agreement accounted for 45%, and the cost of the framework agreement outside the transmission reached 57%. Li Chuangjun said. The institutional mechanisms for priority development are still not sound. Li Chuangjun said that at present, the problem of barriers between provinces still exists. In the case of overall ufficiency of electricity, some local governments give priority to ensuring the power generation of coal-fired power plants in this province through administrative means, and the enthusiasm for the consumption of new energy sources is not high. To a certain extent, it hinders the cross-provincial consumption of new energy. In addition, the current traditional fossil energy prices are difficult to reflect the scarcity of resources, nor the environmental protection expenditures, and reduce the competitiveness of the new energy industry. The settlement period of subsidy funds is longer. "In recent years, there has been a large gap in new energy subsidy funds. Some subsidies have been available for almost two years, which has increased the financial burden of power generation companies, affected the enthusiasm of enterprises to develop new energy sources, and formed a 'triangular debt' in the industry. There has been a phenomenon that some enterprises have insufficient electricity bills to pay interest, and the risk of production and operation of enterprises has increased. At the same time, subsidies and arrears have delayed the further adjustment of photovoltaic and wind power prices.†Li Chuangjun said. From focusing on the installed capacity to focusing on the actual power generation to develop new energy, we are pursuing more from scratch and from small to large. Stepping into a new era, the focus is on improving the quality of development. How to continuously optimize the energy structure to achieve clean and low carbon development? On the one hand, we must accelerate the advancement of technology. “A moment ago, a photovoltaic project in Saudi Arabia was bidding. The lowest leveling cost was 1.786 cents/kWh, equivalent to about RMB 0.12. At present, the cost of power generation in domestic PV is about 0.5-0.7 yuan/kWh. The cost reduction potential is still quite large." Li Chuangjun told reporters. According to the “13th Five-Year Plan for Geothermal Energy Development and Utilizationâ€, the geothermal heating (refrigeration) area will reach 1.6 billion square meters by 2020. In Guo Jiaofeng's view, China's geothermal market has great potential, but there is still a certain gap between geothermal power generation technology and international advanced level. The state can concentrate on tackling key technologies. On the other hand, we must speed up the improvement of relevant mechanisms. According to reports, in view of the current more prominent abandonment of wind and light, the National Energy Administration will improve the renewable energy priority power generation system, expand the scope of renewable energy allocation by using trans-regional transmission channels, and adopt self-sufficient power plants to participate in power system peaking operation. Carry out special measures such as renewable energy power special transactions and clean heating to expand local consumption of renewable energy. "The pilot area will also carry out market-based trading of distributed power generation next year, which is equivalent to 'selling electricity across the wall'. The grid unified system has opened up a gap." Li Chuangjun said, "Green development and energy transformation are inevitable trends. Consensus. Our concept should shift from focusing on kilowatts to focusing on kilowatt hours, that is, we must shift our focus from installed capacity to actual power generation, and pay more attention to the development quality of new energy."Of the several methods now used for fixing super abrasive particles of diamond or CBN to the working surface of an abrasive tool, electroplating is the fastest growing.More and more production operations involve combinations of hard-to-grind materials and complex wheel shapes that virtually dictate the use of electroplated super-abrasive tools.
Characteristically,such tools consist of a precision tool form or mandrel with super-abrasive particles deposited on the working surface and locked in place by electrode position of a bonding matrix,most frequently nickel.The particles are so locked onto the tool surface may vary in size and dispersion to suit the purpose of the tool, but they should lie in a single layer.
Electroplated grinding wheels with nickel bonding can achieve high stock removal rates and high-precision profiles on parts being ground. Depending on the wheel blank design,plating technique, and post-treatment of the single-layer grit structure, many different grinding wheels can be produced using this bond system.There is no need for dressing during the life of the wheel.This avoids downtime and eliminates the need for a dressing device.
When you need to remove more material than polishing will allow,use quality grinding wheels.Diamond grinding wheels are used for grinding, shaping,flattening or smoothing of your specific application of stone.The Diamond Tool Store offers a full line of diamond grinding and shaping wheels for many applications that come in many different sizes with desired grits and positions.The product line you will see for grinding tools will reduce the amount of chipping and special shapes and sizes that allow fabricators to get into tight corners for a clean,smooth finish.
Our electroplated grinding wheel are precision engineered to meet the high demands of lapidary,jewelry,gemstone,glass,ceramic,composite,electrical contacts of starters,alternators, motors applications.We offer many stock wheels with varying shapes and grits that will maintain tight tolerances and provide superior form holding when used wet or dry.
Metal Bond Grinding Wheels and Diamond Sintered Grinding Wheel are manufactured using a variety of metal fillers with Diamond or CBN abrasive. Generally, Metal Bond wheels have the hardest matrix, and require coolant.
Diamond CBN Superabrasive Grinding Wheels are available in a variety of sizes and styles, both plain and formed to specific contours. These grinding wheels are designed primarily for grinding such materials as: high carbon; high chrome; high speed steels, such as M2, M3, M7 and T15; die steels, such as: D2, D3, HB, A & O; alloy steels (harder than 50 Rc); nickel and cobalt base super alloys; titanium; stainless steels, etc.offer substantial benefits in grinding exotic alloy steels. Since the CBN crystal resists dulling much better than conventional abrasives, it provides stress-free, cool cutting action throughout its long life. The crystal tends to be self-sharpening as cutting stress increases. The mono-layer wheel structure requires no truing or dressing throughout its life, thereby eliminating truing tool cost as well as non-productive wheel truing time.In addition to this,we also provide the lapidary polishing wheels.
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