According to the forecast of the National Agricultural Technology Center, the rice pests and diseases in China will be re-emerged in 2017, with an area of ​​1.39 billion mu. Among them, rice planthoppers, rice leaf roller, and sheath blight have a wide area of ​​recurrence, and the pollution of the stem borer is concentrated. Prominently, the risk of rice blast and rice smut is high, and the potential risk of southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease is large. The bacterial blight and bacterial base rot of rice are locally biased. Rice stalk, rice locust, and rice leaf mites Secondary pests such as rice blast and ear rot have an increasing trend. In order to do a good job in the prevention and control of major rice pests and diseases in 2017, this plan is specially formulated.
Prevention and control focus
According to rice cultivation type and main target of pests and diseases, it is divided into South China rice area, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, southwest rice area, Huanghuai rice area and northern rice area.
1. South China rice region includes Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hainan traditional double-season rice planting areas, such as rice planthopper, rice leaf roller, rice stem borer, rice blast, sheath blight, rice smut, southern rice black strip Focus on dwarf disease, pay close attention to sawtooth leaf dwarf disease, bacterial leaf blight, stem borer, rice gall midge, and rice thrips.
2. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River include Hunan, Jiangxi, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, single and double-season rice mixed areas and single-season rice growing areas, with rice stem borer, rice planthopper, rice leaf roller, and dried rice. Disease, rice blast, rice smut, southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease, stripe leaf blight, focusing on rice blast, big cockroach, rice straw larvae, black streaked dwarf disease, mite disease, bacterial Base rot, ear rot.
3. Southwest rice area includes Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing, and Shaanxi single-season rice growing areas, with rice blast, sheath blight, rice smut, rice planthopper, rice stem borer, rice leaf roller, southern rice black bar dwarf Focus on shrinking disease, pay close attention to armyworm, bacterial blight, and ear rot.
4. Northern rice areas include Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Inner Mongolia, and Ningxia single-season japonica rice planting areas, focusing on rice stem borer, rice blast, sheath blight, and mow disease, paying close attention to rice false disease and rice Leaf miner, ear rot, red wilt, rice planthopper.
5. Huanghuai rice area includes Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Shandong single-season japonica rice planting areas, with rice blast, sheath blight, rice smut, black streaked dwarf disease, stem borer, rice planthopper, rice leaf roll Focus on it, pay close attention to stripe leaf blight and ear rot.
Non-pharmaceutical prevention technology
1. Select resistant (resistant) varieties. Choose rice varieties resistant to rice blast, rice smut, bacterial leaf blight, stripe leaf blight, brown planthopper, and white backed rice, to avoid planting high (easy) varieties.
2. Agronomic measures (1) ploughing and irrigating. Using the characteristics of weak resistance during the aphid phlegm stage, the winter stagnation and green fertilization fields were uniformly ploughed during the wintering period of the locusts, and the deep water immersed rice piles were used for 7 to 10 days to reduce the number of insect sources. (2) Fitness cultivation. Strengthen water and fertilizer management, timely drying the field, avoid heavy application, partial application, delayed application of nitrogen fertilizer, increase application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and improve rice stress resistance. (3) Clean the countryside. In the year-round breeding area of ​​the rice planthopper, the late rice is ploughed immediately after harvesting, reducing winter virus host plants such as regenerated rice and fallen rice.
3. Ecological control (1) Ecological engineering control. Tian Hao retains grass weeds and provides transitional hosts for natural enemies. Tian Hao plantes sap, soy and other flowering plants to protect and improve the ability of natural enemies such as spiders, parasitic wasps, black-shouldered green scorpions and other natural enemies. Planting vetiver and other planting plants at the edge of the field to reduce the population base of the stem borer and the giant salamander. (2) Reasonable variety layout. Rice varieties with different genetic backgrounds were used to rationally prevent rice blast.
4. Sex pheromones induce traps in various generations of diterpenoids, especially in the wintering era of the moth, which are used in the moths to control the pest base by cluster trapping or interference mating. Select the lure and dry moth traps with a validity period of more than 2 months, and place an average of 1 per acre. The height of the rice is 50 cm from the ground at the tillering stage and 10 cm above the top of the plant.
5. The red-eyed bee of the red-spotted bee is controlled to release the red-spotted bee, and the bee is released 2 to 3 times per interval, with an interval of 3 to 5 days, each time placing 10,000 bees. /mu. Place 5~8 points evenly on each acre, and put the bee height to be 5~20cm higher than the top of the plant at the tillering stage, and 5~10cm below the top of the plant.
6. Rice and duck co-cultivation In the early stage of rice tillering, 15 to 20 days of ducklings are placed in rice fields, 10 to 30 ducks per acre, and ducks are harvested when rice is in the ear. Through the feeding activities of ducks, the occurrence of pests and diseases such as sheath blight, rice planthopper, snail and weeds are alleviated.
7. Physical barriers to breeding. In the rice seedling stage, 20~40 mesh insect nets or non-woven fabrics are covered throughout the whole process to block the rice planthopper and its transmitted viral diseases.
Chemical control technology
Based on the non-pharmaceutical prevention technology, the drug control is carried out in the critical period of pest control. The following four principles are followed: First, popular seed treatment and drug transplanting technology. Using prochloraz and cymene seed treatment to prevent mite and rice blast; seed treatment agent such as imidacloprid seed dressing or soaking seeds to prevent southern rice black streaked dwarf disease in rice seedlings, rice locusts and planthoppers Viral diseases such as sawtooth leaf dwarf disease, stripe leaf blight and black streak dwarf disease; red å² èŠ¸ 芸 芸 芸 芸 芸 芸 芸 芸 芸 芸 芸 芸 ç§å 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧The seedlings are transplanted with drugs to prevent aphids, rice blast, rice locusts, rice planthoppers and their transmission of viral diseases. Second, according to the test demonstration results and the level of drug resistance, select a suitable high-efficiency, eco-friendly agent for local use, and promote the rational use and mixing of different mechanisms of action to avoid long-term, single use of the same agent. The third is to pay attention to the application of pesticide technology to improve the control effect. Do not apply during high temperature and intense light hours. With sufficient water, the amount of water sprayed by the constant spray is not less than 15 kg, and the water consumption should be increased in the late stage of rice growth. The fourth is to strictly follow the pesticide operation rules and observe the pesticide safety interval to ensure the quality and safety of rice.
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