Axial piston pump working principle and performance characteristics

Axial piston pump generally by the cylinder, with oil pan, plunger and swashplate and other major components (Figure 1-40). Cylinder has a plurality of plungers, the plungers are arranged axially, that is, the center line of the plungers is parallel to the axis of the propeller shaft, so it is called an axial piston pump. But it is different from the reciprocating piston pump, because its plunger reciprocates not only in the pump cylinder, but also the plunger and the pump cylinder swivel relative to the swash plate. The plunger contacts a swash plate with a spherical tip. In the distribution plate with high and low pressure on the crescent-shaped grooves, which are separated from each other by the partition, to ensure a certain degree of sealing, respectively, with the pump inlet and outlet connectivity. There is a tilt angle between the axis of the swashplate and the axis of the cylinder. The working principle of the axial piston pump is shown in Figure l-40. When the motor drives the transmission shaft to rotate, the pump cylinder rotates together with the plunger, and the plunger head keeps contact with the swash plate at an angle , So the cylinder rotates, the plunger reciprocates in the pump cylinder. Take the next plunger in Figure 1-40 as an example, turning it from 0 ° to 180 ° to the position of the plunger above, the volume of the plunger cylinder gradually increases so that the fluid is drawn through the suction port a When the plunger is rotated from 180 ° to 360 °, the volume of the plunger cylinder gradually decreases, so the liquid in the cylinder drains liquid through the outlet of the oil pan. As long as the drive shaft is constantly rotating, the pump will continue to work. By changing the angle of the tilting element, the stroke length of the plunger in the pump cylinder can be changed to change the pump flow. Tilting angle fixed called the quantitative pump, tilt angle can be changed is called variable pump. Axial piston pump according to the different tilting elements, a swash plate and inclined axis two. Swashplate is swashplate relative rotation of the cylinder has a tilt angle, causing the plunger reciprocating in the pump cylinder. Drive shaft and cylinder axis are the same. This structure is relatively simple, high speed, but the working conditions require high, the plunger end of the contact with the swashplate is often the weak link. Oblique axis of the swashplate axis and drive shaft is the same. It is due to the relative displacement of the plunger cylinder shaft angle so that the plunger for reciprocating motion. Flow control depends on the angle of the swinging cylinder to achieve, so it is also known as swing cylinder. Compared with the swash plate type, reliable, large flow, but the structure is complex. Axial piston pump and radial piston pump, the discharge pressure is high, it generally can work in the range of 20 ~ 50MPa, high efficiency, small radial size, compact structure, small size, light weight. But the structure is more complex than the radial piston pump, processing and manufacturing requirements, the price is more expensive. Axial piston pump is generally used in hydraulic transmission systems of machine tools, metallurgy, forging, mining and lifting machinery, especially widely used in high-power hydraulic transmission system. In order to improve efficiency, the gear pump or vane pump is usually used as an auxiliary oil pump to lubricate oil, make up for the leakage and maintain a certain pressure in the oil passage.

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