Carnation is an alias of carnation, and the carnation is a perennial herb. Its flower color is beautiful and aromatic, and its flowering period is long. It is an important cut flower plant in the world and is widely cultivated in various countries of the world.
First, the classification of carnations
Carnations come in many different ways. According to the suit and habit, it can be divided into No. 3: (1) Red variety: the color of the flower has red, pink and mixed colors. (2) Purple varieties: purple flowers. (3) Meat-colored varieties: agate color, light yellow, yellow, etc. It can also be divided into two types: large flower carnation and loose branch carnation according to the size and number of flowers on the flower stem.
Second, the requirements of carnation for environmental conditions
1, lighting conditions. Carnation is a medium- and sunny plant, and it is sunny. In addition to the nursery and flowering periods, there is no need to worry about glare, and the auxiliary light can increase the diameter of the corolla and the vividness of the color. There is a significant positive correlation between light intensity and cut flower yield per unit area.
2. Temperature conditions. Carnations are cool, not hot and can tolerate a certain degree of low temperature. If the summer temperature is higher than 35 ° C and the winter is lower than 9 ° C, the growth is very slow or even stopped. During the high temperature period in summer, corresponding cooling measures should be taken. In winter, plastic film should be covered or enter the greenhouse to maintain proper temperature.
3. Moisture conditions. Carnation roots are fibrous roots. The long-term accumulation of water or humidity in soil or medium, and long-term high temperature on the surface of the leaves are not conducive to their normal growth and development. Therefore, drip irrigation is advocated, and attention should also be paid to the problem of water quality and salt content.
4. Soil conditions. Carnations are good for soils with good fat, aeration and drainage properties, with heavy loam as well. The pH of the soil suitable for its growth is 5.6--6.4. Some soil analysis experiments show that the pH value is in the range of 5.95-7.9, and the soil organic matter content has no obvious effect on flowering, which is mainly determined by soil texture.
Third, the cutting propagation method of carnation
The reproduction of carnations is divided into asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction tends to have low seed yield, large variation in seed traits, and slow growth of seedlings, so it is rarely used in production. A large number of asexual reproductions are used in production, mainly cutting propagation. Its advantages are rich cuttings, stable traits and quick effects.
1. Establishment of the seeding mother garden. Practice has proved that the conditions for the mother plant should be: the relative age of the plant is young, the flowering trait is good, the incidence index is zero, and the earing position should be strictly controlled above the sixth node. Therefore, it is very necessary and crucial to establish a dedicated seedling garden, and it is also an indispensable link in the production process of modern carnation seedlings. It is not only a prerequisite for the formation of high-quality seedlings, but also the basis for large-scale seedlings throughout the year.
The mother plant of the seedling mother garden must be a tissue culture seedling. The key to the cultivation and management of the mother garden is to strengthen soil disinfection, promote rotation, and ensure that the base fertilizer is applied. It is necessary to cover the rain and shade, promote drip irrigation, and prevent pests and diseases.
2, cutting technology
(1) Selection of cuttings. Plants with no pests, strong growth and tight internodes were selected, and there were 3--4 pairs of unfolded leaves and 1 pair of unexpanded leaves. The flower bud rate of the population cuttings was less than 10%.
(2) Cutting time. Generally, it should avoid the hot summer season from July to August, and require good quality of cuttings. The larger perlite is used as the cutting mother material, the water quality is good, and the cutting bed is a table top.
(3) Take and cut when cutting. The cuttings are generally taken at the same time as the germination of the carnations. The cuttings should be carried out according to the standard. When picking the ear, the buds should be cut by hand instead of scissors, so as to avoid cross infection. The base should have a slight trunk layer, but the mother branches are not damaged, and the top leaves of the cuttings are kept at 4--5 pieces, and the bases are removed. After finishing the bundle, immerse it in water for 30 minutes to allow the cuttings to absorb enough water. The cut surface should be close to the internode and treated with a growth regulator to increase the survival rate and the rate of emergence. It is advisable to insert 1 cm of media when cutting. Deep in summer, usually 1.5-2 cm. After the cutting is completed, it is necessary to spray enough water, and the control should not be too wet afterwards to avoid rotten roots.
(4) Storage of cuttings. Storage cuttings can provide great convenience for year-round seedling and balanced flowering throughout the year, and can be used for batch operations at one time, saving manpower and material resources. Storage requirements: temperature 1--2 ° C, and the smaller the smaller the better, preferably within ± 1 ° C; slightly dehydrated before storage; cuttings using ultra-thin plastic film packaging.
(5) Cutting management. The grooving machine should have an intermittent spray facility, and the amount of spray is controlled so that the blades are just wet. If there is no spray, cover the plastic film, and use the curtain after 1 week, but do not shade too much to prevent it from growing. When the cutting roots are 1 cm long, transplant them, paying attention to less roots.
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