Recently, the “863†Program “Development of functional genomic resources such as squid and its database and website construction†and “Exploration of major gene of major gene of scorpion growth and evaluation of breeding potential†have been disclosed to the “Journal of China Science†and the subject is currently Staged research results have been obtained. The genomic framework maps, genome physical maps, and high-density linkage maps have been successfully assembled, and the comparative genomic maps and resource databases of carp and zebrafish have been obtained.
This project is a phased achievement of the "Carp genome project." At the end of 2009, the "Eel Genome Project" was initiated by the Center for Applied Genomics Research of the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, the Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute, and the Beijing Genomics Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Lays the foundation for genomic level breeding
In the interview, Sun Xiaowen, director of the Center for Applied Genomics Research of the Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences and chief scientist of aquatic product technology application, said that researchers have done a lot of work from the point of view of genomic resources mining. These efforts will provide accurate mapping of economic traits on the genome, uncovering the economic traits (growth velocities, disease resistance, etc.) and complex genetic relationships of squid, realizing trait gene mapping, heterosis analysis, and utilization and breeding research. platform.
At present, gene sequencing and assembly have been completed. Research results are gradually being applied to breeding. Related development software has also been recognized and applied by peers.
According to Sun Xiaowen, the results from the perspective of population genetics application, the combination of basic research and applied research, laid the foundation for the realization of the aquaculture industrialization of the level of the genome.
The research results of the relationship between genes and traits applied in breeding research mainly include three stages: first, molecular breeding based on the genetic relationship between parents and avoiding inbreeding as the main goal; second, based on the relationship between economic traits and genes, In particular, quantitative trait loci of economic traits and functional genomics are used for molecular breeding; third is molecular breeding of economic traits and genes based on whole genome information, especially for important economic traits such as quality traits (intermuscular spines) , amino acid metabolism, and other key genes and signal pathways, as well as further population genomics research results.
The scarcity of aquatic products is urgent
Talking about the future development of the Chinese fisheries industry, Sun Xiaowen said: “The main difficulty encountered in the project is the loss and lack of excellent talents. This is also the main difference between China and European and American developed countries, especially the study of the genome of aquatic products industry. And talents in bioinformatics are still extremely deficient in the country."
U.S. related research was conducted earlier. The team of people engaged in genome research is huge, and personnel mobility and communication are relatively easy and frequent. As long as there is a good research platform and treatment, it is not difficult to attract outstanding talents, and the overall lack of genetic research personnel in China, Due to institutional and treatment reasons, the number of people who can be diverted to the research field of aquatic gene genomes is even scarcer.
Sun Xiaowen stated that China's genome research on aquatic products also has its own advantages. For example, the Chinese eel farming has a history of several thousand years. Long-term natural differentiation and artificial breeding have made the Chinese eel germplasm resources richest in the world.
China's aquaculture industry has a high demand for genomic research technology. In particular, major freshwater cultured fish have deficiencies in intermuscular puncture, meat quality, etc. The improvement of these traits relies on the results of relevant genomic studies.
In addition, China’s aquaculture production ranks first in the world and accounts for 70% of the world. This huge market demand is also an important driving force for the rapid development of genome research.
At present, the project is concentrating on the germplasm assessment of elite and excellent geographic populations from the genome level in order to provide the most practical genetic resources and markers necessary for molecular breeding in the next step.
At the same time, the researchers are also analyzing and explicating the key genes and signaling pathways of the quality traits (intermuscular puncture, fat production, amino acid metabolism and synthesis) of quail, in order to carry out the research on comprehensive domestic culture of trait economic traits at the genomic level.
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