The background and problems of using large flat panel plotter 1.1 The reason for choosing large flat panel plotter in the early stage is the traditional production process of wood sample board and sample box. According to the design unit, the rib line pattern and the type value table that have been subjected to three-way smoothing are manually drawn on the line-type stake-out table with a ratio of 1:1, and the relevant lines such as the structure line and the board stitch line are marked. Then, the woodworker uses the spline on the sample line of the model to pass the spline to the board, and manually cuts out the line type and produces various wooden samples and sample boxes. The production process is completely manual operation, repeated labor, long manufacturing cycle, many intermediate links, large production errors, and easy to make mistakes. This traditional processing method consumes a lot of manpower and material resources, and the production efficiency is low, and the quality is not guaranteed.
We have strong strength in the construction of computer three-dimensional models, in the smoothness of the hull line, the expansion of the hull plate, the hull structure lofting, the model, the sample box design and the three-dimensional technology application on a certain type of boat. The research work is at the domestic leading level.
Accelerating the application of computer and CNC machining equipment is to ensure that the construction of a certain type of boat is completed on time and with high quality, and it is also a very effective and important means to enhance the market competitiveness of the factory. Therefore, changing the traditional processing technology, canceling the lofting building, realizing the processing of the prototype and the sample box is based on the three-dimensional model taken from the computer, and the terminal device directly controls the hull line by the computer, which reduces the intermediate link of the manual lofting and reduces errors. Speeding up the shipbuilding cycle is very necessary.
The large flat panel plotter is used as the terminal equipment of computer design information. The graphic information of the computer is drawn on the white paper by the large flat panel plotter. In the design stage, the designer is provided with the correctness test basis, and the construction personnel are provided with the processing basis in the production stage. This has application experience in other shipyards. Compared with the traditional processing methods, this kind of change can not be said to be - progress, which is why the factory chose large flat panel plotter as the computer design information terminal equipment program.
1.2 Problems in the selection of large flat panel plotter 1 Large flat panel plotter imported from abroad, very delicate, high requirements for environmental conditions, extremely easy to malfunction, large flat plotter is to draw the computer's graphics E on white paper, and then Applying white map to design and production, Baige is easy to tear, easy to wrinkle and deform under moisture, which is not conducive to use and preservation.
Although the large flat panel plotter has high precision, in the process of making wooden prototypes and sample boxes, the line type on the white figure is manually cut out, painted on the wooden board, and then manually sawed on the wooden board. Outline type, there are many intermediate links, and multiple artificial interference leads to a large accumulation error.
The large flat panel plotter draws the computer's graphics on a white paper, and can only draw a two-dimensional map, which can't express the three-dimensional total of the computer.
The large flat panel plotter has a single use and low utilization.
For the above reasons, we hope that the terminal equipment of the computer is best to output the graphic output of the computer to the three-dimensional numerical control processing name: that is, the computer ES controls the three-dimensional control processing equipment to cut the wooden board and draw on the wooden board. The hull is plastic, which can reduce the intermediate links, reduce manual labor, improve the manufacturing precision of the products, and speed up the manufacturing cycle.
The number of laser cutting machines is a good alternative to large flat panel plotters. 2.1 The choice of large flat panel instrument alternatives for cutting wood samples, through the understanding of domestic major woodworking equipment manufacturers, suitable for cutting curved wood Woodworking equipment includes jig saws, woodworking milling machines, boring and milling centers, and laser cutting machines. The jig saw cannot be numerically controlled, and the saw blade is easily damaged during the processing, and is not suitable for processing large-sized workpieces, the processing speed is slow, and the cutting quality is poor.
Woodworking Milling Machine and Boring and Milling Plus 1: The center has a fast processing speed, good cutting quality and can be used for numerical control. However, there are problems of wide slit width and large consumables, and large woodworking milling machines and boring and milling machining centers suitable for shipyards are still under development. Among them, N is still immature, and the existing mature woodworking milling machines and boring and milling centers can't process the large-sized workpieces we need. Furthermore, the jig sawing machine, the woodworking milling machine and the boring and milling machining center have no ability to draw the hull line drawing on the wooden plywood. Therefore, the jig sawing machine, the woodworking milling machine and the boring and milling machining center cannot meet the requirements of the factory.
On a large CNC laser cutting machine with a power of 3000W, we carried out tests on cutting wood, alloy steel, carbon steel sheet, + rust steel sheet, and drawing the 4800HP platform on the nine plywood to supply the ship's line drawing. The test results show that the CNC laser cutting machine can only meet the requirements of making wood samples, samples and drawing the hull line shape on the wood splint, and also has the function of precision cutting carbon steel sheet and stainless steel sheet. It can be seen that the CNC laser cutting machine can not only replace the fire-type flat-panel instrument, but also has a wider application than the large-scale slab.
Cutting principle, characteristics and application range of CNC laser cutting machine 2.2.1 Cutting principle of CNC laser cutting machine Laser is focused to form a small spot of light, so that the focus reaches a high power density, and the heat input by the beam Far beyond the reflection, conduction or diffusion of the material, the material is quickly heated to the vaporization temperature, evaporating to form a hole, and as the beam moves relatively linearly with the material, the hole continuously forms a narrow slit.
The laser cutting machine inputs the processing drawing letter total through the computer control system, carries out various information processing, and automatically generates an optimized NC machining program to realize various control functions of the laser cutting machine. From drawing information to processing, there is no need for manual participation in the middle, and the operating interface is Windows Chinese interface, which can be easily operated, managed, diagnosed and maintained.
The characteristics of CNC laser cutting machine is laser cutting. It is a non-contact processing method. It is suitable for cutting all kinds of soft, hard and brittle materials without the problem of tool wear. It only needs to be positioned without clamping or scribing. . By effectively controlling the manner and size of the laser output power, it is easy to cut metal and non-metal materials, and it also has the function of engraving graphic characters.
The CNC laser cutting machine has a high degree of automation and can cut workpieces of any shape. Combined with the panel software, it can discharge the entire sheet and save materials. As a high-tech processing method of “light, machine and electric bodyâ€, laser cutting technology is an advanced technology of contemporary sheet metal processing, and an important part of flexible processing and agile manufacturing technology. Laser cutting has the characteristics of good flexibility, high precision, fast speed, narrow slit and small heat-affected zone, and has the advantages that other traditional processing methods can't match.
Application range of CNC laser cutting machine 2.2.3.1 The application range of CNC laser cutting machine is extremely wide. For metal materials, it can cut high hardness, high melting point and high thermal conductivity materials such as carbon steel plate, stainless steel plate, titanium steel plate and aluminum plate. For non-metallic materials, wood boards, laminates, wooden handles, plexiglass, and various soft and brittle materials such as ceramics, leather, stone, etc. can be cut.
Especially in the cutting of stainless steel sheet, carbon steel sheet, laser cutting has a unique unique advantage.
Using its engraving function, the hull type line drawing is drawn on the wooden nine-ply board, which has the advantages of accurate and beautiful graphic shape, no deformation, easy storage, repeated use and long use time; Assembly of the template; marking the workpiece to automatically manage the physical flow of the workpiece.
With its flexible characteristics, the CNC laser cutting machine is controlled by a computer to cut the workpiece of any shape without manual scribing, which reduces the intermediate links, eliminates human error in these links, and accelerates the cutting precision of the shipbuilding week. The characteristics of high and small slits can be combined with the plate software to optimize the plate. The workpiece can be cut once without any machining allowance, cutting quality and material saving.
2.2.3.5 The laser cutting machine plus the corresponding tooling can cut the pipe.
2.2.3.6 Laser cutting machine is equipped with a welding head nozzle, which is a laser welding machine.
The laser welding heat is concentrated, and the weldment deformation is small. Stainless steel weldment weld defect inspection conforms to Class B of B4730-94 (pressure vessel non-destructive testing) RT type (a total of 4 grades, grade I is not allowed to crack, unmelted, incomplete and strip in the weld) The slag inclusions are present; and the tensile and flexural strength tests are carried out according to the B4708-2000 standard (steel pressure vessel welding process qualification), and the inspection results are qualified. The introduction of this equipment can weld the metal wall to solve the deformation problem of the welded part of the thin plate of our factory.
2.3 laser, plasma cutting machine cutting cost measurement comparison analysis laser cutting machine plasma cutting electromechanical consumption gas consumption consumables consumption equipment depreciation total table 1 laser cutting machine cutting sheet without burrs, plasma cutting machine cutting sheet with burrs.
Interface software applied to CNC laser cutting machine 3.1 Three-dimensional design For CNC laser cutting application software, the wood sample board is prepared by CNC laser cutting machine, which is the first time in China. In the past, according to the needs of processing and installation, according to the processing and installation requirements, the prototypes, sample boxes, assembly models and segmented line inspection templates were prepared according to the hull line type on the floor. Now most of these work are computer-aided design and CNC laser cutting machine to complete. First, the designer builds a three-dimensional model on the computer, and then converts it into a two-dimensional assembly drawing on the computer, and generates a corresponding part drawing and a wood cutting splicing drawing, and converts into a laser cutting instruction according to the splicing drawing; The machine is cut into a piece of wood sample section; the woodwork assembles the cut sample parts into a sample board or a sample box according to the assembly drawing. The specific process is as shown in the following figure: Due to the cancellation of the lofting floor, the designer needs to use the smoothing software for the three-way smoothing of the profile (or the three-way smoothing value provided by the design unit), and the profile query procedure and corresponding The network query system also needs to program the line in a sub-area. The line query program and the corresponding network query system have the function of a firewall, which can conveniently query the type line and have the security function. The specific process is shown in the following figure: In summary, the application software of 3D design for CNC laser cutting machine includes: (1) Model/sample box modeling program (2) Sample data calculation and interface program with nesting program (3) Sample/sample assembly Figure generation program (4) template library management program partition drawing line drawing program and line query program wood sample board cutting program 3.2 wood sample board CNC laser cutting process The three-dimensional design of a submarine wood model needs to be completed on the workstation, wood sample board set The material cutting program needs to be completed on the microcomputer, and the data transfer between the two is completed by the interface program. After the wood sample board cutting program is converted into a laser cutting command, it is transmitted to the hull part data processing center and then transferred to the laser cutting machine. The specific process is as shown in the following figure: The laser cutting machine has the marking function, and the marking content needs to be The cut content is separated. On the map - the root line, which may also be a cutting line, or a cutting lead, or a blanking line, or a marking line, should be distinguished by the software compiler K. The program composition is shown in the figure below.
The method of applying the CNC laser cutting machine to process the wood sample board/sample box is how to apply the numerical control laser cutting machine processing sample and sample box. We have studied in the craft side, there is a special discussion. .
The main technical parameters of the laser cutting machine are determined. 5.1 The type of laser cutting machine is H-dimensional numerical control high-power laser cutting machine, and the laser is a fast-flow carbon dioxide gas laser with high electro-optical conversion efficiency.
5.2 Since the laser cutting machine is not only used to cut wooden boards, but also needs to use its engraving function to draw the ship's line drawing, it is recommended that the laser cutting machine power is 2000Wr adjustable), and its minimum stable power should be less than 60W. 5.3 Its processing range ( Long X width) is 8000X1800 5, 4 adopts the internationally advanced "flying" optical path structure, that is, the way the table is not moving and the laser cutting head moves. The fast-forward speed is 15~20m/min, the maximum cutting speed is 10m/min, and the machine main machine adopts beam moving type or gantry moving type. The laser is independent of the machine tool, which protects the laser from vibration and ensures laser stability.
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