31 At this stage, the localization work has a broader meaning. When China enters Jia 10, localization should be localized in a broad sense. China's construction machinery manufacturing industry has experienced breakthroughs in the 1960s and the introduction of the 90s in the 1980s. If you want to save a lot of foreign exchange to buy foreign equipment. Each of the +1 industries was also farmed, and different practices such as the China Railway Engineering Corporation at the time concentrated on the location of a foreign machine. Within the entire system, we have woven a large-scale localization of accessories and developed 7,000 kinds of domestically produced substitutes. Each year, the spare parts for construction machinery can save the country 5 million U.S. dollars in foreign exchange. Many construction machinery manufacturers also actively take action to develop and develop machinery that is similar to foreign countries. At that time, when asked about localization, especially when it comes to the localization of the whole machine, it seems that all of them were designed and manufactured by our own engineering and technical personnel. That is, products that are from the hands of the Chinese people from the beginning to the end are localized products. In order to accelerate technological progress, state-owned enterprises have introduced product patenting technology on a relatively large scale. At this time, they often refer to the statistics on the localization rate of imported products for technical cooperation, and regard the production and manufacturing of domestic products as localization. Obviously these are Manufactures that are part of the localization are based on the design provided by the foreign company. At this time, the concept of localization at the initial stage has been extended. With the opening up, foreign companies have become even more successful in China's construction machinery market. The intermediary companies have gradually become more and more, they have independently completed the manufacturing and assembly of the whole machine, and have begun to occupy the domestic market. The trend of this kind of product's localized production is well-known. The construction machinery market has been along the interim model. In other words, there is a widening of Yu 1 and its localization of 01.3 gradually converges. This will be a more comprehensive scope of production and production and production in accordance with the needs of the market. Localization is the starting point for ushering in machinery. Excavator examples are the most representative. After the 1990s, Guoxi excavator production plant spotted the development trend of domestic excavator market. By 1997, 9 joint ventures were established in China. Daewoo Heavy Industries of South Korea established a wholly-owned enterprise in Yantai. These companies completed the technical renovation of the new round in the 1990s, and commonly used advanced technologies such as high-voltage closed-loop dual-circuit hydraulic systems, energy-saving and high-efficiency microelectronics conversion devices, electronic monitoring and fault automatic alarm, etc., greatly improved the operating efficiency of the excavator, and the performance to price ratio index. More than domestic cheap excavation tJLi`Bi.
In 1998N, a total of more than 4,500 excavators were produced, of which joint venture products accounted for more than 80. In the case of large-scale entry of foreign construction machinery manufacturers into the country, it should be clearly understood that the development of state-owned enterprises is facing tremendous pressure. If there is no domestic product competition, a monopoly of foreign products is bound to emerge. 2 Although the current general machinery The market supply can meet the basic needs of the domestic construction market, but the products provided by these joint ventures have limitations, and the overall category of products is not much. The structure is not yet complete 1. The technical water + is 1 gong; the advanced generation of cents, 1. The technically difficult engine hydraulic parts, etc. 7 are almost imported from abroad, and the distance from the complete local production is very good. Yi Ming insists on improving the technical water and competitiveness of state-owned enterprises. 2nnvn65 1 Author Xu Anhua 1950. Waigao Designs 1 Minister of 1st Floor, Beijing Fuxing Road.
Work can not be relaxed = China joined the Intestinal Trade Organization to promote the technological innovation of beneficial products, accelerate the structural adjustment of the construction machinery industry and the transformation of the business operation mechanism; import advanced foreign reliable level through low tariffs, promote technological innovation, and improve the technical performance of products index.
From the analysis of construction machinery exported from China, a few products are close to the advanced level, and the total amount of earth-rock construction machinery and certain construction machinery is close to US$300 million. 1 The total technical water is 1015 years behind the developed countries. Therefore, localization of construction machinery is a difficult and far-reaching task. 2 Accelerating and improving the level of engineering machinery design in China Today's upgrading of foreign construction machinery is fast, and some large companies pay attention to design ideas. In combination with new design methods, we started from the aspects of structural design and new hydraulic electronic technology and materials, and introduced new generation products in 35 years. The technical and economic indicators have been greatly improved. This set of ideas based on high and new technology and the emphasis on designing and improving manufacturing and strengthening services deserves our serious reference.
Paying attention to design principles is a significant feature of the development of construction machinery. In the tunnel excavation cycle, the longest occupied time is the operation of mounting and excavation. In order to pursue the high efficiency of production, the development of rock loading machinery is thought-provoking. Early rail hall type wind mounted overhead mounting machine. Later changed to electric, 80-80 changed to hydraulic type, similar to the original design ideas in the mountains, the production efficiency of the machinery is low; the Swedes think of the hydraulic name of the claws, the name of the chain plate sent to the mine for continuous improvement. 2 times; Germans believe that the claw-holding method is poor in controlling the rock loading capacity. The concept of hydraulic excavator bucket is transplanted and the tunnel rock digging machine is designed to increase the capacity by more than two times. The Norwegians have seen the loader rock loading capacity. The flexibility of the upper structure of the Yamato excavator is combined with the advantages of the two to design a tunnel shovel, and the efficiency of loading the rock at an equivalent level is almost overturned. The development process of rock loading machinery in the past 30 years has fully demonstrated the importance of the idea of ​​juice design.
As a result, railway construction system products have also followed the principle of emphasizing design philosophy. The main feature of the 60s was creativity, starting from the need to reduce the intensity of manual labor, and making small machines; the main feature of the 70th generation was the mechanical imitation of the 1990s. The system transformation of the imported machinery and the modification of the working equipment, such as the introduction of the German tunnel digging machine, were inspired. The iron bureau changed the domestic claw machine into an excavation-type tunnel and used Japanese companies to cooperate with the construction company. The tunnel construction equipment is applied in the project. At this time, the digestion and introduction work is a kind of design concept and idea that is similar to the design concept of the whole machine. It is based on the conceptual design of improving the quality and performance of the basic components. We have experienced a spiral development process... 1 is that the objective environment for the development and development of machinery has now been greatly improved. First, the level of parts and components for processing and manufacturing has been raised. The first design means Shijia Wankan, the number of shirt companies to achieve the design of computer aided ribs, tax-assisted manufacturing as aided in the preparation of technology, the same, the experimental means are constantly improving, to create conditions for the development of domestic construction machinery.
3 Development of railway construction machinery with Chinese characteristics The construction of China's railway roads is arduous. The new line will be set up, the western mountainous areas and the development of high-speed and heavy-duty direction, will use a special function of high-performance special machinery, and its country 1; small market price is high, so we must play their own strong comprehensive development capabilities, Doing a good job of localization of construction machinery for large-scale railways, and adopting social procurement as a point for general-purpose soil construction machinery.
China's railway bridges are made of reinforced concrete bridges. Before 1965, domestic bridge erectors were simple and cantilevered, with low ergonomics and poor safety. They could not adapt to the complex terrain of bridges and tunnels. In 1971, the Wuhan Construction Machinery Plant developed the Victory 130 bridge erection machine. All the bridge construction processes were carried out under the simple support and static conditions. The safety performance was good. This was a major change in the construction of the bridge bridges. The development of the bridge-type bridge erection machine was 1301603001. At a level, it can realize the erection of 504 reinforced bridges. In 1993, the Bureau of Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. manufactured new bar and bridge cranes. In the establishment of the juice technology and the technology of the village, a large breakthrough was made. The speed of the Shen Shen 7 operation line reached a speed of 200 bridges and became a double-line box type, with 24 steel reinforced concrete beams as the main requirement. With a weight of 60,1 or more, its technical difficulty is the highest in China's railway history, such as the purchase of foreign products. With a single unit worth 300 kilos, we put forward a set of technical design solutions and produced them separately. We have adopted more advanced electronic control and hydraulic technology. This shows that the development of China's railway facilities and technical water has reached a new level.
The track laying of the speed railway is different from the traditional 25m track laying method. It is required to lay 1 or more seamless lines at one time, and the laying operation is more characterized by flow-through factoryization. We will adopt a method of cooperation with foreign companies to jointly produce this kind of operation links with good coordination and good mechanical reliability of each part. High products In the past we sweated many types of tracklaying equipment. For example, the Rail Bureau designed and developed a successful track-line nailing machine, which basically achieved the mechanized construction of the new-line track project. In recent years, the track-laying equipment has been developed to heavy weight, and the Wuhan Engineering Machinery Research Institute and the Railway Bureau have jointly designed the deduction type 30 iron-based railway. The Long March 1 hard track laying machine made good calls. It can be said that China's conventional track laying method is more mature. It seems that there is still insufficient capacity in designing super large-scale joint-operation machinery.
Section Jigong wished the Machinery Plant to develop and produce a variety of wire laying lines for the construction of the electrified contact network. Its output has met the requirements of installation and construction of electrified catenaries that have been routinely used by domestic construction companies. The new wire-line requirement is to apply tension to the contact wire during the pay-off process. 12. The tension error must not exceed 5, so the roll-wheel braking force must be adjusted with the driving speed and the release speed. This constant tension wire The price of foreign cars is close to 40 million yuan, and its localization will be a comprehensive challenge for the mechanical hydraulic electronic technology of China's technicians. Now it has been developed and has made major breakthroughs.
The piling technology of the bridge also developed, and the Shantui prefabricated piles began. In the late 1960s, the rotary drilling rigs began to enter the foundation construction; in the 1970s, the piers and bridges of the Jiujiang Changjiang River Bridge were constructed and combined with the hard foundations of the bedrock at the bridge site. The successful trial production of a wide 2450 anti-abrasive rotary drilling rig, equipped with a double-wall steel drill hole foundation construction, to achieve a reasonable drilling speed and drainage effect. In order to further expand 8, the rig series consists of 3 types of 8 models with diameters of holes ranging from 0.81 to 2.5 and corresponding torques of 1 shirt. 81. The bridges in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River are often designed to have a diameter of 2.54 meters. The foundation was established in 1995. The 03000 drilling rig was developed, with a diameter of 3.0 and a torque of 20, ranking first in China. The use of the Wuhu Yangtze River Bridge was good.
The railway infrastructure system is now focused on the construction of a special railroad construction machine.
Based on the objective needs of construction and with the development of mechanical hydraulic electronic technology, the grade of products has been gradually improved. We are familiar with the construction of railways. 4. Accelerating the localization of railway construction machinery is a universal machine. We rely on social forces to develop our own equipment. The technological progress of railway construction enterprises is still plagued by many objective conditions. It is suggested that the state and related enterprises strengthen the following aspects of work and increase their efforts to improve the design capabilities of China's construction machinery. According to national authoritative organizations, these joint ventures have passed the joint venture over the years. The level and technical level have improved, but some companies have developed their own research and research capabilities; shrinking trends, there is no technology development on the basis of the current joint venture in China, the long run will cause the development of engineering machinery technology is subject to the people, always follow, 6 people he. It is recommended that the development of self-developed capacity be enhanced while the funded enterprises are developing, and that the popularity of famous brand products in China can be improved by absorbing advanced technologies of joint venture products and transforming them. Although the development of railway construction machinery has a significant breadth and depth, the gap between it and the advanced level in foreign countries is very significant. It is urgent to train a large number of general designers with comprehensive coordination capabilities and special talents in electronic application technology.
Improve the quality of the domestic basic components. The number of manufacturing companies in the construction machinery industry in China has exceeded 1 in number. In 1988, a total of 139 foreign-invested enterprises in the construction machinery industry were approved, most of which were assembly of complete machines, and only 13 were specialized in basic components; The construction machinery industry organized a total of 174 technical introductions, of which only 17 were supporting basic components. The basic technology of these two methods introduced only 0 of the total number of minds, not only insufficient for testing but also at the level of technology and its latest technology. Because of the large gap, it is still necessary to enter key components from abroad when designing and developing products.
Improve the performance and quality of basic industrial raw materials, and reduce the volume of foreign countries; guide the development of the industry, radiation technology is strong; select masterpieces, editing Hua Wen Cheng Hua chapter last night star, brilliant, bright The magnificence of this slogan is not enough for poetry. However, it embodies the old readers' deep feelings for your magazine and high expectations.
Fourth, 4 leading the industry to develop. The mission of professional and technical magazines is not only to report on the current situation of the industry's actual technology, to solve the technical difficulties existing in the product, but more importantly, the editors of the magazine should look up at the height of the sky and consciously guide the development of the industry. The 21st century has come. What kind of engineering do I need to build a construction machinery industry? How to build a new machinery? How do we get new ideas, new technologies, and new measures to promote the development of the construction mechanization industry? This is an arduous task before the magazine. The 1st pill of the 1st generation of construction machinery products of the belly sector was insufficient but the construction of China's engineering construction machinery still had a large demand for Jiji imports, but the domestic machines were difficult to go out. The main raw flash is the quality of domestic products. Of course, there are also new business applications; how to solve the problem of how to solve the problem of the quality of the mainframe and its parts of construction machinery in a short period of time is the key to promoting our country to become a strong country in engineering construction machinery and a major exporter. To this end, your journal should consciously conduct targeted discussions in this area, publish articles, open up an expert forum, organize special discussions, and in the long run, it will not only raise the quality of the editing and editing of your publications, but also receive unexpected results. . Notice that conscious guidance and passive follow-up are two very different ideas for running journals, and there are also great differences between the results.
First, radiation technology is strong. The articles issued by the technical journals are essentially aimed at radiation technology in the office industry. Currently, most of your clothes are domestically applicable or practical technical articles. In the future, you should gradually transition to applicable technical articles and high-tech articles, and finally transition to high-tech articles, resulting in high-tech radiation to the industry. And conversion, and even absorption, this will promote China's construction machinery products to enhance the quality of grades. At present, the well-developed construction machinery industry in the foreign countries has constantly given up the issue of tunable liquid products. The application of electronic technology in engineering construction machinery is becoming more and more popular. The control equipment for industrial production processes has appeared in the first generation of products with microcomputers, and the degree of intelligence is very high. High, CNC equipment is widely used, flexible single flexible production line and CAD.MCKCAT and tear 5 everywhere. This technology-intensive, high-tech can enable engineering construction machinery to obtain productivity and high economic efficiency, and will gradually replace the traditional technology, Chung Engineering Construction Jicheng industry has become a high efficiency, high quality and high output value and high profit industries. Only through technical publications will radiation transplantation be introduced into the melting of new technologies. Inch can gradually realize the construction machinery 1 though.
In addition, in the future whether your magazine can open up some new columns in the layout, such as technical lectures on the construction site to reflect the technical reforms, the success of the spiders, the difficulty in seeking advice, etc., etc. Each time there are new columns appear, so that the content of the columns Not rigidly stuck to the stereotyped, but showing a flourishing colorful layout of flourishing new or new, make the publication has strong readability, absorbability can be used for reference and propaganda. Receives the effect of moisturizing, and plays an unforgettable role.
Even though the stars were brilliant last night, your magazine will be even more brilliant tomorrow. On the occasion of the celebration of the 20th anniversary of the founding of construction mechanization, I wish it will continue to receive high reliability in the future. Its basic condition is the constant adoption of new materials and new processes. Hydraulic seals have poor performance or are not durable, and internal structural defects in steel structures cause fatigue crack propagation failure. As the reliability of domestic machinery is poor, the development of sealing material production and steel smelting technology will provide a solid foundation for the development of construction machinery. In addition, the improvement of casting technology to improve the intrinsic quality of castings and the development of special steels for wear-resistant components of construction machinery will only lead to breakthroughs in science and technology. It is expected that national research institutes will be able to adapt to many basic technologies as quickly as possible. Market development.
Develop and promote related tools. The use of necessary auxiliary tools and tools in the assembly and maintenance work of construction machinery can achieve a multiplier effect, and can effectively guarantee the quality of the assembly of the whole machine. Nowadays, this emphasis is not enough. Enterprises often only focus on large-scale equipment while ignoring small equipment when carrying out technological transformation. Because of low value or unclear demand, conditional inspection methods and special tools are indispensable, especially those using advanced hydraulic pressure. And electronic control technology design. For example, Caterpillar Komatsu BMW Atlas and others have developed instruments for self-production testing. Now some domestic private enterprises have begun to develop special tools for construction machinery, such as hydraulic test equipment hydraulic auxiliary installation equipment hydraulic fittings, etc., and gradually make up for the gap.
In short, if the above basic conditions are not solved, it will affect the development of China's construction machinery level, with the deepening of China's reform and opening up and the development of economic technology. More efforts to meet everyone's efforts, China's construction machinery will certainly appear a new situation.
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