The southeastern part of Qingshui County, Gansu Province, the climate is relatively cool, humid, large temperature difference between day and night, suitable for planting a variety of Chinese herbal medicines, and good quality, high medicinal value. Since 1992, due to the tight market in Pinellia, there is a shortage of wild resources. People began to plant artificially in the summer, but in the production process, the corresponding investment, the high seed, artificial, land rent and Pinellia planting can not be repeated, and has been affecting the development of artificial planting Pinellia. In order to solve this problem, the author proposes a semi-summer organic ecological soilless cultivation method for small arch sheds in the wasteland.
Preparation and processing of the cultivation substrate. The cultivation substrate follows the principle of adapting to local conditions and rational use. Effective use of agricultural and industrial organic waste such as various crop straws, mushroom residue, sawdust chips, distiller's grains, etc., after being crushed and piled up, air-dried and mixed, ready to use, the dry material after mixing is about 5000 kg, in the pile In the process of sputum, 3 cubic meters of cow dung, 2 cubic meters of chicken manure and 2 cubic meters of sheep manure are added.
Before the planting in Pinellia, the prepared organic materials should be carefully disinfected and sterilized. After stacking, the crops are naturally corroded, and the livestock manure is matured to kill the bacteria and eggs in the straw and mushroom residue. The method is to spread the mixed organic material about 50 cm thick, covered with a layer of chicken manure and sheep manure, and then cover 50 cm thick organic material. Cover the chicken manure and sheep dung again after spraying. After covering the third layer of organic material, the cow dung is covered to the top layer, and then the urea water is sprayed on the top layer to infiltrate. After one week, artificially mix once, stack and cover the film to increase the temperature and accelerate the ripening. After two weeks, mix again and continue to accumulate. The pH value is about 6.5. After the color of the pile is natural yellow-brown, the film is removed and the film is cooled down. The pile is opened for drying, intermittently mixed, sun-dried until there is no sticking, and finally 5 cubic meters of slag is mixed.
Seed treatment. Due to the harvest of Pinellia ternata seeds in the autumn, the harvested seeds are stored in a winter and are easily rotted. They must be disinfected to survive the winter. The seeds were sprayed, the seeds were sprayed with 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder 800 times, or the seed surface was sprayed with 80% carbendazim wettable powder 1500 times. Sanding after drying. Before planting, dry and spray a 72% agricultural streptomycin WP 3000-4000 times solution.
Choose the whole planting. The selection of soilless cultivation plots in Pinellia can be planted in non-cultivated land or beaches as much as possible. Water is convenient. The width is 1.5 meters wide and 0.3 meters deep. The length of the raft is easy to operate according to the terrain. The difference is that the bottom of the beach mantle is covered with mulch film, and the sticky beach is covered with woven bag cloth to prevent water leakage and underground pests from harming Pinellia. After the base fabric is laid, the prepared substrate is sprinkled into the crucible, about 20 cm thick, and then seeded, and the seeding amount is generally 25 kg per mu. The treated seeds are first classified according to the size of the kernel, and the large grains are sown 30 kg per 67 square meters. Small seeds are sown 2 kg per 67 square meters. Sowing seeds evenly, about 2-3 cm between grains. After sowing, cover the substrate 10 cm, sprinkle water to increase the humidity, and it is better to not accumulate water at the bottom. The glutinous surface covers the mulch and moisturizes. After being fully planted, the small arch shed is built to increase the temperature and protect the sputum and prevent low temperature damage.
Management after emergence. After the sowing, seedlings are topped out in the first half of the seeding. At this time, the mulch should be removed in time to avoid burning the buds, and the temperature in the shed should be tested regularly to adapt to the growing environment as soon as possible. When the stem is stretched and the true leaf is fully stretched, sprinkle water once every 3-4 days, keep the substrate moist, and combine with watering. Spray once a week with potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 3‰-5‰ of urea solution. Miao, improve disease resistance, but also need to prevent disease, common diseases in Pinellia have disease, downy mildew, stem rot and so on. In order to prevent the occurrence of the above diseases, the water supply of pirimisol or thiophanate-methyl, metalaxyl manganese or zinc citrate is sprayed every 10-15 days to protect the growth of seedlings and underground tubers.
Harvested. Generally, it is harvested after the stems and leaves of summer and autumn are swallowed, but it is suitable for harvesting from summer to summer solstice. Therefore, the water in the summer is less, the powder is sufficient, the quality is hard, and the color is white. The quality and yield of medicinal materials are high. When mining, choose sunny days, carefully digging, avoid damage, take the tuber into the frame and cover it, avoid exposure, otherwise it is not easy to peel.
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