The pest control measures for medicinal plants must have a scientific basis: in order to effectively control certain pests and diseases of Chinese medicinal materials, it is necessary to conduct investigations and studies to clarify the types of pathogens or pests and to grasp the laws governing the occurrence of pests and diseases; such as the time of infection and damage, Infected parts, invasive methods; generations of wintering places, etc., seize the key points and weak links, find out countermeasures to prevent and cure.
The prevention and control of medicinal plant pests and diseases should be guided by the principle of prevention: taking precautionary measures before the plants get sick can achieve the goal of getting twice the result with half the effort. Once the plant infects the pests and diseases, it cannot be found during the incubation period. When the symptoms are observed, the plants have been damaged, and the growth of the plants will be affected. It is more difficult to treat them with drugs.
The economic effects of medicinal plant pest control should be considered: the cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials is to meet the needs of people taking medicine, and also to achieve certain economic effects. In the process of pest control, we must also do more with less, or even spend money (strengthen field management and other measures to improve disease resistance, or select disease-resistant seedlings to use local Chinese herbal medicines to control pests and diseases. Conducive to reducing costs) also achieve the purpose of pest control.
The control of medicinal plant pests and diseases must ensure safety and prevent pesticide residues: Most of the Chinese herbal medicines are domestically taken, and the use of highly toxic and high-residue pesticides should be strictly prevented so as not to affect the health of patients. Such as the high residual capacity of organic chlorine in the environment and the cumulative effect in human and animal fat; the water pollution caused by organic mercury, causing the occurrence of poisoning events in humans and animals, and the teratogenic, carcinogenic and genetic mutations of other pesticides. To cause, it will bring huge losses to human society. To this end, countries around the world have gradually banned production and use. China has also banned or restricted the use of some pesticides. It is necessary to carry out comprehensive prevention and control in a planned manner: there are many types of pests and diseases, and the conditions for adapting to the external environment are different. The comprehensive prevention and treatment should first be carried out in four aspects. First, we should talk about ways to eliminate the source of pests and diseases;
2. Cut off the route of transmission;
3. Use and enhance the ability of plants to resist pests and diseases (ie select varieties with strong disease resistance);
4. With pests and diseases, the most effective drug treatment is taken and completely eliminated.
Comprehensive prevention and control should be considered from the following aspects:
1). Phytosanitary This is a series of quarantine laws and regulations established by the state to carry out pest and disease inspections on phytosanitary objects; prevent the introduction of new dangerous pests and weeds from other countries or regions, and limit the spread of local quarantine objects. spread. Phytosanitary is an important preventive and protective measure against pests and diseases.
2). Agricultural control A method of comprehensively applying cultivation and management techniques to control and eliminate pests and diseases. It includes; 1 reasonable rotation; 2 deep cultivation: 3 clean pastoral; 4 adjustment sowing period: 6 reasonable fertilization; 6 breeding to promote disease-resistant varieties.
3). Biological control A method of using natural beneficial organisms to destroy or inhibit certain pests and diseases. Biological control can change biomes and directly eliminate pests and diseases. It has the characteristics of flexible use, safety to humans and animals and natural enemies, no residual toxicity, no pollution to the environment, long-lasting effect and preventiveness. Biological control is currently mainly carried out by using insects to control insects, treating insects with bacteria and treating diseases with bacteria.
4). Chemical control The method of applying chemical pesticides to control pests and diseases. The utility model has the advantages of quick action, good effect, convenient application, and can eliminate or control a large number of pests and diseases in a short period of time, and is limited by regional or seasonal restrictions. However, chemical control also has shortcomings. For long-term use, pests are prone to drug resistance. At the same time, there are some pesticides that are highly toxic and have residual toxicity, which can pollute the environment and affect human and animal health.
5). Physical and mechanical control According to the living habits of pests and the occurrence of pests and diseases, the use of physical, mechanical factors such as temperature, light and equipment to directly eliminate pests and diseases and change their growth and development conditions is called physical protection, such as the activity Strong, phototaxis pests, etc. for artificial killing.
6). Several new ways to prevent pests and diseases In recent years, due to the development of atomic physics, chemistry and biology, countries began to apply ionizing radiation to make male pests sterile; laser control pests; chemical and biological methods to extract hormones to trap Pests; often insect sterilization; insect hormone control; antifeedant control and so on.
The prevention and control of medicinal plant pests and diseases should be guided by the principle of prevention: taking precautionary measures before the plants get sick can achieve the goal of getting twice the result with half the effort. Once the plant infects the pests and diseases, it cannot be found during the incubation period. When the symptoms are observed, the plants have been damaged, and the growth of the plants will be affected. It is more difficult to treat them with drugs.
The economic effects of medicinal plant pest control should be considered: the cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials is to meet the needs of people taking medicine, and also to achieve certain economic effects. In the process of pest control, we must also do more with less, or even spend money (strengthen field management and other measures to improve disease resistance, or select disease-resistant seedlings to use local Chinese herbal medicines to control pests and diseases. Conducive to reducing costs) also achieve the purpose of pest control.
The control of medicinal plant pests and diseases must ensure safety and prevent pesticide residues: Most of the Chinese herbal medicines are domestically taken, and the use of highly toxic and high-residue pesticides should be strictly prevented so as not to affect the health of patients. Such as the high residual capacity of organic chlorine in the environment and the cumulative effect in human and animal fat; the water pollution caused by organic mercury, causing the occurrence of poisoning events in humans and animals, and the teratogenic, carcinogenic and genetic mutations of other pesticides. To cause, it will bring huge losses to human society. To this end, countries around the world have gradually banned production and use. China has also banned or restricted the use of some pesticides. It is necessary to carry out comprehensive prevention and control in a planned manner: there are many types of pests and diseases, and the conditions for adapting to the external environment are different. The comprehensive prevention and treatment should first be carried out in four aspects. First, we should talk about ways to eliminate the source of pests and diseases;
2. Cut off the route of transmission;
3. Use and enhance the ability of plants to resist pests and diseases (ie select varieties with strong disease resistance);
4. With pests and diseases, the most effective drug treatment is taken and completely eliminated.
Comprehensive prevention and control should be considered from the following aspects:
1). Phytosanitary This is a series of quarantine laws and regulations established by the state to carry out pest and disease inspections on phytosanitary objects; prevent the introduction of new dangerous pests and weeds from other countries or regions, and limit the spread of local quarantine objects. spread. Phytosanitary is an important preventive and protective measure against pests and diseases.
2). Agricultural control A method of comprehensively applying cultivation and management techniques to control and eliminate pests and diseases. It includes; 1 reasonable rotation; 2 deep cultivation: 3 clean pastoral; 4 adjustment sowing period: 6 reasonable fertilization; 6 breeding to promote disease-resistant varieties.
3). Biological control A method of using natural beneficial organisms to destroy or inhibit certain pests and diseases. Biological control can change biomes and directly eliminate pests and diseases. It has the characteristics of flexible use, safety to humans and animals and natural enemies, no residual toxicity, no pollution to the environment, long-lasting effect and preventiveness. Biological control is currently mainly carried out by using insects to control insects, treating insects with bacteria and treating diseases with bacteria.
4). Chemical control The method of applying chemical pesticides to control pests and diseases. The utility model has the advantages of quick action, good effect, convenient application, and can eliminate or control a large number of pests and diseases in a short period of time, and is limited by regional or seasonal restrictions. However, chemical control also has shortcomings. For long-term use, pests are prone to drug resistance. At the same time, there are some pesticides that are highly toxic and have residual toxicity, which can pollute the environment and affect human and animal health.
5). Physical and mechanical control According to the living habits of pests and the occurrence of pests and diseases, the use of physical, mechanical factors such as temperature, light and equipment to directly eliminate pests and diseases and change their growth and development conditions is called physical protection, such as the activity Strong, phototaxis pests, etc. for artificial killing.
6). Several new ways to prevent pests and diseases In recent years, due to the development of atomic physics, chemistry and biology, countries began to apply ionizing radiation to make male pests sterile; laser control pests; chemical and biological methods to extract hormones to trap Pests; often insect sterilization; insect hormone control; antifeedant control and so on.
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