The plastics industry has developed rapidly with the development of petrochemical industry. It has the advantages of easy material extraction, low price, convenient processing, light weight and durability. It is widely used in various fields of society and brings great convenience to people's lives. At the same time, because a large number of discarded plastic products are difficult to decompose, it constitutes an increasingly serious "white pollution", hindering the progress of society and sustainable economic development. With the increasing attention of human beings to environmental protection, the disposal of polymer material waste This hot topic has received widespread attention around the world.
Therefore, the preparation of environmentally friendly biodegradable plastics to replace traditional plastics, research and development of degradable plastics has become an effective method to control pollution, and degradable plastics have become a hot research direction at home and abroad.
At present, biodegradable plastics mainly include biodegradable plastics, photodegradable plastics, light and biodegradable plastics, and water-degradable plastics . Among them, biodegradable plastics are the most in-depth and widely used.
Biodegradable plastics are a class of plastics that are degraded by the action of microorganisms such as bacteria, molds (fungi) and algae found in nature. The ideal biodegradable plastic is a polymer material that has excellent performance, can be completely decomposed by microorganisms in the environment after being discarded, and is finally inorganicized into an integral part of the carbon cycle in nature.
In addition to natural degradation, biodegradable plastics have the advantages of renewable raw materials and strong adaptability to the body, making them widely used in environmental protection, food containers and packaging, agroforestry, medicine, textiles, electronics, and automobiles.
â–² Biodegradable degradable plastics
The application of biodegradable plastics in the high-end market mainly includes medical supplies, drug release materials, and materials for 3D printing. Biodegradable plastics such as PLA, PCL, and PHA have good biocompatibility, and can be controlled by molecular design during synthesis, so they have potential for development in the high-end market.
â–² biodegradable 3D printing supplies
Polylactic acid (PLA)
Polylactic acid is a polymer obtained by polymerizing lactic acid as a main raw material, and is a commercially available bio-based degradable plastic. The main raw material lactic acid is obtained from corn starch , and can also be fermented by beet or grain to reduce the cost. The raw material for producing polylactic acid is rich and renewable, the production is non-polluting, and the product can be biodegraded.
Polylactic acid has good biosolubility, bioabsorbability and good solvent resistance, and can be processed in various ways, such as blown film, extrusion molding and the like.
Polylactic acid also has good flame retardancy and bacteriostasis, and PLA has the best heat resistance in degradable thermoplastic polymers, so it can be carried out by using conventional processing techniques without special equipment and operation processes. Melt spinning.
PHAs
PHAs biodegradable plastics are produced by bacterial fermentation and can be used as intramolecular carbon sources and energy reserves, and become granules accumulated in the cytoplasm. The ferment is mainly a carbohydrate such as glucose. Different fermentation conditions can produce different types of PHAs.
Due to the high price and good biocompatibility of PHAs, PHAs are used more in the medical field. For example, medical sutures, repair devices, repair patches, bandages, cardiovascular patches, guided tissue repair, articular cartilage repair stents, nerve conduits, tendon repair devices, artificial esophagus and wound dressings.
Polycaprolactone (PCL)
Polycaprolactone is an aliphatic linear polyester. Unlike PLA, it is a commercial bio-based degradable plastic. It has a very soft texture, is highly malleable, and has excellent biocompatibility. , memory, biodegradability, widely used in various fields, especially in the medical field.
Polycaprolactone is soft, easy to process, and has excellent performance. It is commonly used in medical fields for tissue engineering scaffold materials and can be absorbed and excreted by the human body.
According to a research report issued by the US consulting firm Frost & Sullivan, the market demand for biodegradable plastics will increase rapidly in the next few years. It is estimated that by 2020, the global demand for biodegradable plastics will reach 3.22 million tons, and the average annual demand will increase. The speed is over 16%.
With the white pollution problem and the growing non-renewable energy crisis, the development and use of biodegradable plastics has become one of the effective ways to alleviate this problem.
â–² Global biodegradable plastics market demand forecast
With the enhancement of people's awareness of environmental protection and the implementation of national sustainable policies, the development and utilization of biodegradable plastics cannot be delayed. As the application of biodegradable plastics is increasingly widespread, it has great value in medical, production and manufacturing industries. The development of a biodegradable and environmentally friendly plastics industry is an effective way to effectively solve the "white pollution" protection of the environment.
From 2009 to 2013, China's biodegradable plastics production capacity grew at a compound annual growth rate of more than 21%. The market for biodegradable plastics continued to grow, spurred by favorable national policies and continued expansion of applications.
â–² China's production of biodegradable plastics
In today's increasingly scarce petroleum resources, how to effectively use existing resources, save limited resources and open up new alternative petroleum raw materials is an important issue to ensure the sustainable development of China's economy, and also the future development direction of the plastics industry.
At present, there are many companies that have announced that they are investing in fully biodegradable plastics, but there are very few companies that can supply large quantities in large quantities. The main manufacturers are BASF , which has a capacity of 140,000 tons and is used in membrane-grade products. Natureworks in North America has a capacity of 140,000 tons of PLA. At the same time, a new capacity of 150,000 tons in Thailand is expected to be put into production in 2015; direct competition with the company's products. Only BASF, but because the industry is still in a monopoly supply, the global market is in short supply, so there is still no competitive pressure for the time being.
The main producers of biodegradable plastics in the world and their application directions â–¼
As of 2016, China's biodegradable plastics production capacity reached 710,000 tons and the output reached 520,000 tons. At present, China's main biodegradable plastics production enterprises include blonde technology, gorgeous environmental protection, Haizheng Pharmaceutical, Rainbow Refinery, Xinfu Pharmaceutical, and Southeast .
From the perspective of product structure, in addition to starch plastics, PBS is the largest domestic biodegradable plastic product.
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