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Laser Shock Peening (LSP) is an advanced laser Surface Treatment technology that can effectively improve the fatigue life of metal components. The principle of conventional LSP is to first apply an absorption layer on the metal surface, spray water on the side to form a transparent film, and then pass a high-intensity (GW/cm2), short-pulse (8 to 30 ns) laser through a transparent constrained water layer to act on The absorption layer and the absorption layer generate a high-temperature, high-pressure plasma instantaneously under the action of a strong laser. The plasma continues to absorb the laser energy, rapidly warming and expanding, and the explosion forms high-intensity shock waves of tens to hundreds of thousands of times atmospheric pressure, acting on metal workpieces. The peak pressure of the shock wave far exceeds the dynamic yield strength of the material. The material undergoes plastic deformation and plastic deformation and residual compressive stress are generated within a certain depth of the surface layer. LSP can improve the fatigue life, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of metal materials. Compared with other surface hardening technologies, LSP has outstanding advantages such as no thermal influence, strong controllability, and significant strengthening effect. In the United States and European military engine blades, LSP treatment is commonly used, and the fatigue life is 5-7 times higher than that of untreated workpieces. It is imperative that the technology be industrialized in China.
However, the traditional laser shock-strengthening technology has a series of limitations, which limits the universal application of this technology. Firstly, the water film formed by the side spray has the edge effect, and the thickness of the water film at the middle and edges of the workpiece and the unevenness of the workpiece is difficult to control uniformly; secondly, the conventional LSP has to overlay the absorber layer several times and be dislocated to form a uniform stress field. The processing time is too long and the process is expensive. Furthermore, the processing of complex curved surfaces requires individualized programming. In addition, the small water film and flow sputtering will affect the optical path and the energy coupling rate is low. Finally, the limit state of the laser used Poor stability.
The laser and intelligent energy field manufacturing engineering team led by Zhang Wenwu, a researcher at the Institute of Advanced Manufacturing, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, invented the follow-up laser shock-strengthening technology for the above-mentioned problems in the traditional laser shock-strengthening process. As shown in the figure, this technology uses coaxial water supply to achieve stable control of the constrained layer, completely solves the edge effect of the side water spray; the use of resonant cavity greatly improves the energy utilization rate; the use of mobile absorption layer completely eliminates the front and rear processing. Compared with the traditional LSP technology, this process improves the processing speed by more than 10 times, and it can realize any overlapping processing.
The team used this technology to surface-treat many materials such as aluminum alloy materials, abrasive steels, nickel-based superalloys, magnesium alloys, titanium alloys, and magnetic materials, and developed hardness, wearability, strength, corrosion resistance, and fatigue strength. The analysis proved that the new type of impact strengthening effect is remarkable and easy to use. After the treatment of aluminum alloy materials, the hardness increases by more than 30%, the tensile strength increases by more than 20%, the wear resistance increases by 50%, and the corrosion resistance increases by more than 3 times.
At the just-concluded "The First International Forum on Laser Composite Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation and the Eleventh National Conference on High Energy Density Heat Treatment", Zhang Wenwu served as vice chairman of the conference and was invited to make a "new thinking on laser composite manufacturing." The on-site report attracted extensive attention from domestic and foreign counterparts. Experts spoke highly of this technology. Wang Hao made a research report on Experimental Research on New Generation Laser Shock Peening, and related papers won the “Outstanding Paper Award†of the conference (2016, November 12-14, Hangzhou). The team has applied the technology to PCT patents. The success of this technology marks the maturity of the third-generation laser shock-strengthening technology, which clears the commercial obstacles for the extensive use of LSP technology in the processing of complex metal parts such as gears, electromechanical chambers, tools, and microstructures. At present, this technology is being industrialized through Ningbo Daai Laser Technology.
Precision Parts By Four-axis Machining
Precision parts are essential components of various machines and products that require high accuracy and reliability. The four-axis machining technology has ushered in a new era of precision manufacturing, where complex shapes and geometries can be achieved with greater efficiency and precision.
Four-axis machining involves the use of a computer numerical control (CNC) machine that has four axes of motion – X, Y, Z, and rotational axis. This advanced technology enables the machine to produce intricate and complicated parts with high precision and accuracy. Unlike the traditional three-axis machining, which can only move in three directions, the four-axis can rotate the part being machined, providing greater flexibility in terms of geometry and design.
Precision parts made using four-axis machining technology are widely used in various applications, including aerospace, medical equipment, automotive, and electronics industry. These parts are designed to meet stringent standards, making them reliable and durable. The four-axis machine can achieve tolerances as low as 0.001 inches, providing superior precision that is unmatched by manual machining.
One significant advantage of using four-axis machining technology is increased efficiency. The four-axis machine can perform multiple operations in a single cycle, reducing the time required to produce a part. This technology can also handle large volumes of parts with consistency, making it ideal for mass production.
In summary, precision parts made using four-axis machining technology offer a superior level of accuracy, reliability, and efficiency. These parts are widely used in various industries, and their high precision and accuracy make them a popular choice for critical applications. As manufacturing technology continues to evolve, we can expect more advanced techniques that will offer even greater efficiency and precision.
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