Orchard medication is a science, what pests should be prevented in advance? How to achieve green environmental protection? How to prepare pesticides is more scientific? How to prevent pests and diseases from investing less, the effect is good? These problems are the concerns of fruit farmers. The problems existing in the use of orchard and the experience of the author in the production trial are summarized as follows for reference by fruit farmers.
First, the problem of medication
1. Re-treatment and neglect prevention, resulting in poor control. Diseases should be based on prevention, control of the disease, and prevention and control of pests in key periods is the basic principle. Such as apple ring rotten fruit disease, after the fall of flowers until the end of July is the peak period of pathogenic bacteria, this period of prevention and treatment is good, in the late stage, basically do not spray or less spray, can achieve no bad results. However, some fruit farmers did not spray the fruit in the early stage, and the rotten fruit occurred in the later stage. The result was a violent spray, but the result could not cure the bad fruit and the loss was heavy.
2. Use medicine to follow others, not symptomatic medication. Many fruit farmers blindly use drugs, follow others to learn, no matter what happens in the tree, they will fight bactericidal drugs, whether or not there are pests, add pesticides when fighting drugs. Most pesticides are highly specific and often only target one disease or insect, but not others, causing delays in optimal prevention and control, and wasting investment and polluting the environment.
3. Increase the dosage of the drug, and think that the dosage is much better than the total, and it is not scientifically used. For example, 1.8% Qiqisu is used to control red and white mites, and the recommended dosage is 6000-8000 times liquid. Some fruit farmers have concentrated to 2000 times liquid, and some even have higher concentration than once, which not only artificially increases the resistance of pests, but also Ecological disorders, even caused phytotoxicity, deciduous production.
4. The more the type of pesticide is considered, the better the effect. Many fruit farmers use one kind of fungicide plus one kind of insecticide. They always feel uncomfortable. They often mix a variety of chemicals, even seven or eight kinds of pesticides, which is mistaken for this kind of disease. That disease is responsible for each other. In fact, most of the pesticides themselves are compounded, and some of the mixed drugs are the same mechanism of action. Mixing is equal to increasing the dosage, and some pesticides are neutralized by acid and alkali to reduce the efficacy or form insoluble matter, resulting in phytotoxicity.
5. Heavy chemical pesticides, ignoring biological pesticides. Many fruit farmers want to use chemical pesticides to control them once they have pests and diseases. In fact, some pests use biological agents or traps better than chemical control.
6. Do not pay attention to pesticide residues and pollution. Some fruit farmers only pay attention to the control effect and immediate benefits when controlling pests and diseases, as long as the medicine goes to the disease to eliminate the insects, regardless of the pollution of the pesticide to the environment.
Second, recommendations and countermeasures
1. Adhere to comprehensive prevention and control measures. Strengthen agricultural control, such as the selection of pest-resistant varieties, seedling quarantine, and strengthen soil, fertilizer, water management, etc., to improve fruit tree resistance. Do a good job in the prevention and control of pests and diseases, clean up orchards after defoliation or before germination, such as scraping bark, remove diseased branches, rotten fruit, diseased skin and litter, etc., do not use fruit branches to make protective fences, promote fruit bagging Cultivation to minimize the number of pests and diseases.
2. Strengthen biological control. Including the use of natural enemies to control insects; using biological pesticides to protect and protect natural enemies, such as chlorbenzuron, chlorpyrifos and other pests, long-term efficacy, good effect; planting traps, centralized use of drugs to eliminate pests and diseases, both less investment, reduce pollution .
3. Make full use of modern physics and high-tech means. Such as sexual attractants, sex pheromone spawning agents, black light, insecticidal microwave, laser, etc. should be actively developed and used, can play twice the result with half the effort.
4. Take agricultural measures to control insects. Planting crops to trap, such as the white star chafer, the insect flying strong, relying on chemical pesticides control effect is poor, can plant 3 to 4 sunflowers per acre orchard, using sunflower disk to trap. It not only protects the environment, but also has a good insecticidal effect. For example, the big green leafhopper can be planted with favorite plant traps, and concentrated spraying and pest control.
5. Scientific use of drugs, reform of the traditional drug use system, without the use of high-residue pesticides, and vigorously promote pollution-free pesticides. Take predictive and forecasting measures, grasp the key period of medication, minimize the use of organic chemical pesticides, and vigorously promote pollution-free pesticides. For example, Schnauzer is used instead of arsenic arsenic; rosin copper (green copper, Boldo emulsifiable concentrate, and chloramine copper) is substituted for Bordeaux mixture, which is convenient to use. The use of biological sources of pesticides, such as polymycin, polyoxin, bacteriostatic, fungicide to replace methyl thiophanate, carbendazim, etc., to control spotted leaf disease, round rotten fruit disease. The use of Qiqisu (worms, worms, worms, etc.) agents not only has special effects on resistant mites, but also has a good control effect on a variety of resistant lepidopteran pests. Deliberate pesticides, such as chlorbenzuron, chlorpyrifos, mothium, insects, rice bran, etc., have a potency of about 30 days to control lepidopteran pests, and the effect is good, and does not harm natural enemies.
6. Pay attention to the preparation technology of pesticides. In order to reduce the number of sprays, when using multiple chemicals at one time, pay attention to the acid-base ingredients and preparation order of the drug. Do not first combine the pesticides into a concentrate, and then add water to dilute. It is necessary to first dilute the fungicide and add enough water, add insecticide and acaricide, then add foliar fertilizer, calcium preparation, and finally add pesticide aid. In addition, to fully stir and spray, the wettable powder should be sprayed with the agitation. Be careful not to formulate alkaline and acidic pesticides in a bucket to avoid neutralization failure.
Author: JIN Xiao-ming
Source: Hebei Science and Technology News
First, the problem of medication
1. Re-treatment and neglect prevention, resulting in poor control. Diseases should be based on prevention, control of the disease, and prevention and control of pests in key periods is the basic principle. Such as apple ring rotten fruit disease, after the fall of flowers until the end of July is the peak period of pathogenic bacteria, this period of prevention and treatment is good, in the late stage, basically do not spray or less spray, can achieve no bad results. However, some fruit farmers did not spray the fruit in the early stage, and the rotten fruit occurred in the later stage. The result was a violent spray, but the result could not cure the bad fruit and the loss was heavy.
2. Use medicine to follow others, not symptomatic medication. Many fruit farmers blindly use drugs, follow others to learn, no matter what happens in the tree, they will fight bactericidal drugs, whether or not there are pests, add pesticides when fighting drugs. Most pesticides are highly specific and often only target one disease or insect, but not others, causing delays in optimal prevention and control, and wasting investment and polluting the environment.
3. Increase the dosage of the drug, and think that the dosage is much better than the total, and it is not scientifically used. For example, 1.8% Qiqisu is used to control red and white mites, and the recommended dosage is 6000-8000 times liquid. Some fruit farmers have concentrated to 2000 times liquid, and some even have higher concentration than once, which not only artificially increases the resistance of pests, but also Ecological disorders, even caused phytotoxicity, deciduous production.
4. The more the type of pesticide is considered, the better the effect. Many fruit farmers use one kind of fungicide plus one kind of insecticide. They always feel uncomfortable. They often mix a variety of chemicals, even seven or eight kinds of pesticides, which is mistaken for this kind of disease. That disease is responsible for each other. In fact, most of the pesticides themselves are compounded, and some of the mixed drugs are the same mechanism of action. Mixing is equal to increasing the dosage, and some pesticides are neutralized by acid and alkali to reduce the efficacy or form insoluble matter, resulting in phytotoxicity.
5. Heavy chemical pesticides, ignoring biological pesticides. Many fruit farmers want to use chemical pesticides to control them once they have pests and diseases. In fact, some pests use biological agents or traps better than chemical control.
6. Do not pay attention to pesticide residues and pollution. Some fruit farmers only pay attention to the control effect and immediate benefits when controlling pests and diseases, as long as the medicine goes to the disease to eliminate the insects, regardless of the pollution of the pesticide to the environment.
Second, recommendations and countermeasures
1. Adhere to comprehensive prevention and control measures. Strengthen agricultural control, such as the selection of pest-resistant varieties, seedling quarantine, and strengthen soil, fertilizer, water management, etc., to improve fruit tree resistance. Do a good job in the prevention and control of pests and diseases, clean up orchards after defoliation or before germination, such as scraping bark, remove diseased branches, rotten fruit, diseased skin and litter, etc., do not use fruit branches to make protective fences, promote fruit bagging Cultivation to minimize the number of pests and diseases.
2. Strengthen biological control. Including the use of natural enemies to control insects; using biological pesticides to protect and protect natural enemies, such as chlorbenzuron, chlorpyrifos and other pests, long-term efficacy, good effect; planting traps, centralized use of drugs to eliminate pests and diseases, both less investment, reduce pollution .
3. Make full use of modern physics and high-tech means. Such as sexual attractants, sex pheromone spawning agents, black light, insecticidal microwave, laser, etc. should be actively developed and used, can play twice the result with half the effort.
4. Take agricultural measures to control insects. Planting crops to trap, such as the white star chafer, the insect flying strong, relying on chemical pesticides control effect is poor, can plant 3 to 4 sunflowers per acre orchard, using sunflower disk to trap. It not only protects the environment, but also has a good insecticidal effect. For example, the big green leafhopper can be planted with favorite plant traps, and concentrated spraying and pest control.
5. Scientific use of drugs, reform of the traditional drug use system, without the use of high-residue pesticides, and vigorously promote pollution-free pesticides. Take predictive and forecasting measures, grasp the key period of medication, minimize the use of organic chemical pesticides, and vigorously promote pollution-free pesticides. For example, Schnauzer is used instead of arsenic arsenic; rosin copper (green copper, Boldo emulsifiable concentrate, and chloramine copper) is substituted for Bordeaux mixture, which is convenient to use. The use of biological sources of pesticides, such as polymycin, polyoxin, bacteriostatic, fungicide to replace methyl thiophanate, carbendazim, etc., to control spotted leaf disease, round rotten fruit disease. The use of Qiqisu (worms, worms, worms, etc.) agents not only has special effects on resistant mites, but also has a good control effect on a variety of resistant lepidopteran pests. Deliberate pesticides, such as chlorbenzuron, chlorpyrifos, mothium, insects, rice bran, etc., have a potency of about 30 days to control lepidopteran pests, and the effect is good, and does not harm natural enemies.
6. Pay attention to the preparation technology of pesticides. In order to reduce the number of sprays, when using multiple chemicals at one time, pay attention to the acid-base ingredients and preparation order of the drug. Do not first combine the pesticides into a concentrate, and then add water to dilute. It is necessary to first dilute the fungicide and add enough water, add insecticide and acaricide, then add foliar fertilizer, calcium preparation, and finally add pesticide aid. In addition, to fully stir and spray, the wettable powder should be sprayed with the agitation. Be careful not to formulate alkaline and acidic pesticides in a bucket to avoid neutralization failure.
Author: JIN Xiao-ming
Source: Hebei Science and Technology News
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