First, technical brief
Balanced fertilization should be based on the principle of soil production, nitrogen production, lack of supplement, organic and inorganic, and balanced application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The method is as follows: First, the soil is measured. Soil testing is the premise of balanced fertilization. Through the analysis and determination of soil nutrients, the soil fertility performance can be accurately grasped, which provides a scientific basis for balanced fertilization. According to the analysis of the results of some rice soil nutrient surveys in recent years, after the second soil survey conducted in the 1980s, the soil available nitrogen and available phosphorus increased significantly, the available potassium content decreased, soil nitrogen supply and phosphorus supply. The performance is better, the potassium deficiency is more serious; the second is the formula. Formulation is the key to balanced fertilization. On the basis of soil testing, according to soil characteristics, climatic characteristics, cultivation habits, production levels and other conditions, the target yield is determined, and the optimum amount of nitrogen fertilizer and the optimal ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are proposed. The fertilizer requirement for rice is 2.0-2.4 kg of nitrogen, 0.9-1.4 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 2.5-3.8 kg of potassium oxide, and a ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of about 1:0.5:1.3 per 100 kg of rice; The third is fertilizer (for fertilizer). Choose high-quality, high-efficiency single fertilizer or special fertilizer, compound fertilizer, organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and other fertilizer varieties; Fourth, fertilization mode. According to soil type, crop growth characteristics and fertilizer requirements, the corresponding fertilization mode is formulated.
Second, the operating procedures
According to the fertilization characteristics of rice soil and the fertilizer requirement of rice and the production of underwater, the operation rules of balanced fertilization technology for rice yielding 400-500 kg per mu are as follows:
1. Organic fertilizer dosage: According to the research, it is necessary to supplement and update the soil organic matter, and at least 2000 kg of organic fertilizer should be applied per mu per year. Therefore, to re-apply organic fertilizer, the amount of organic fertilizer accounts for about 50% of the total fertilization amount. Generally, the early rice is applied with 1500-2500 kg of fresh green manure or 1000-1500 kg of manure or 60-80 kg of commercial organic fertilizer. The late rice is 200-250 kg of dried straw per acre or 1000-1500 kg of manure or 80-100 of commercial organic fertilizer. kg.
2, NPK ratio: rice per mu yield 400-500 kg, a total of 10-12 kg of pure nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide 4.5-5.5 kg, potassium oxide 13-16 kg, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio 1:0.4:1.3.
3, fertilizer variety selection: the selection of high-quality and efficient urea, ammonium bicarbonate, calcium magnesium phosphorus or superphosphate; potassium sulfate or potassium chloride and other simple fertilizer or rice special fertilizer, compound fertilizer.
4. Application period:
(1) Base fertilizer: organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are all applied as base fertilizer. Organic fertilizer is applied before tillage. When the field is applied, 35-40 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate and 15-20 kg of ammonium bicarbonate and potassium sulfate 8- are applied per mu. 10 kg or 6-8 kg of potassium chloride.
(2) Topdressing: Topdressing should be divided into two applications. The first topdressing should be applied about 7 days after transplanting, 7.5-9 kg of urea per mu, 6-7.5 kg of potassium sulfate or 5-6 kg of potassium chloride; The second top dressing is applied about 15 days after transplanting, 8-10 kg of urea per mu, 10-12 kg of potassium sulfate or 8-10 kg of potassium chloride.
(3) Spike fertilizer: the stage of young panicle differentiation (about 25 days after transplanting early rice and 30 days after transplanting late rice), if the color of the leaves turns yellow, it can apply urea 2-2.5 kg per mu and 3-4 kg of potassium chloride. .
(4) Spraying foliar fertilizer: spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate or rice foliar fertilizer at the booting stage and maturity stage.
Balanced fertilization should be based on the principle of soil production, nitrogen production, lack of supplement, organic and inorganic, and balanced application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The method is as follows: First, the soil is measured. Soil testing is the premise of balanced fertilization. Through the analysis and determination of soil nutrients, the soil fertility performance can be accurately grasped, which provides a scientific basis for balanced fertilization. According to the analysis of the results of some rice soil nutrient surveys in recent years, after the second soil survey conducted in the 1980s, the soil available nitrogen and available phosphorus increased significantly, the available potassium content decreased, soil nitrogen supply and phosphorus supply. The performance is better, the potassium deficiency is more serious; the second is the formula. Formulation is the key to balanced fertilization. On the basis of soil testing, according to soil characteristics, climatic characteristics, cultivation habits, production levels and other conditions, the target yield is determined, and the optimum amount of nitrogen fertilizer and the optimal ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are proposed. The fertilizer requirement for rice is 2.0-2.4 kg of nitrogen, 0.9-1.4 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 2.5-3.8 kg of potassium oxide, and a ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of about 1:0.5:1.3 per 100 kg of rice; The third is fertilizer (for fertilizer). Choose high-quality, high-efficiency single fertilizer or special fertilizer, compound fertilizer, organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and other fertilizer varieties; Fourth, fertilization mode. According to soil type, crop growth characteristics and fertilizer requirements, the corresponding fertilization mode is formulated.
Second, the operating procedures
According to the fertilization characteristics of rice soil and the fertilizer requirement of rice and the production of underwater, the operation rules of balanced fertilization technology for rice yielding 400-500 kg per mu are as follows:
1. Organic fertilizer dosage: According to the research, it is necessary to supplement and update the soil organic matter, and at least 2000 kg of organic fertilizer should be applied per mu per year. Therefore, to re-apply organic fertilizer, the amount of organic fertilizer accounts for about 50% of the total fertilization amount. Generally, the early rice is applied with 1500-2500 kg of fresh green manure or 1000-1500 kg of manure or 60-80 kg of commercial organic fertilizer. The late rice is 200-250 kg of dried straw per acre or 1000-1500 kg of manure or 80-100 of commercial organic fertilizer. kg.
2, NPK ratio: rice per mu yield 400-500 kg, a total of 10-12 kg of pure nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide 4.5-5.5 kg, potassium oxide 13-16 kg, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio 1:0.4:1.3.
3, fertilizer variety selection: the selection of high-quality and efficient urea, ammonium bicarbonate, calcium magnesium phosphorus or superphosphate; potassium sulfate or potassium chloride and other simple fertilizer or rice special fertilizer, compound fertilizer.
4. Application period:
(1) Base fertilizer: organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are all applied as base fertilizer. Organic fertilizer is applied before tillage. When the field is applied, 35-40 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate and 15-20 kg of ammonium bicarbonate and potassium sulfate 8- are applied per mu. 10 kg or 6-8 kg of potassium chloride.
(2) Topdressing: Topdressing should be divided into two applications. The first topdressing should be applied about 7 days after transplanting, 7.5-9 kg of urea per mu, 6-7.5 kg of potassium sulfate or 5-6 kg of potassium chloride; The second top dressing is applied about 15 days after transplanting, 8-10 kg of urea per mu, 10-12 kg of potassium sulfate or 8-10 kg of potassium chloride.
(3) Spike fertilizer: the stage of young panicle differentiation (about 25 days after transplanting early rice and 30 days after transplanting late rice), if the color of the leaves turns yellow, it can apply urea 2-2.5 kg per mu and 3-4 kg of potassium chloride. .
(4) Spraying foliar fertilizer: spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate or rice foliar fertilizer at the booting stage and maturity stage.
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