The stone conservation care for the halls and bathrooms is made up of a wide variety of stone materials, each with its own rock and mineral characteristics, chemical and physical characteristics. The rock properties of stone are nothing more than igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks. It is divided into two major categories of carbonates and silicates by chemical composition. Silicate rocks such as granite, diabase (gabbro), syenite, horn rock, etc., carbonate rocks such as marble, limestone, travertine, etc. Knowing the rock properties of stone can master the mineral composition and chemical composition of the rock, thus determining the resistance of the stone to chemical weathering and prone to symptoms. Mastering the structural and physical properties of the rock, it is possible to determine the resistance of the stone to physical weathering, thus guiding the correct application of stone.
The chemical pollution in modern stone applications mainly includes water spots, rust spots, efflorescence, discoloration, and organic matter pollution. The reason for the appearance of water spots is very complicated. It is generally believed that the water absorption rate of stone is high, and the appearance of rust spots in stone protection is actually the result of oxidation of iron components in rocks. The iron in the rock is generally present as ferrous iron, but the ferrous iron is unstable and reacts with oxygen in the air to become ferric iron to form ferric oxide. The color change of the stone mainly appears on the stone variety with poor chemical stability. During the installation process, the stone wall surface gradually turns yellow from top to bottom, and the entire wall completely turns yellow over time.
The chemical stability of travertine itself is poor. The carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the air react with calcium oxide in travertine. In particular, the sulfide formed must be yellowish white stone. Moreover, both the coating and the binder contain a large amount of volatiles during the construction process, and these volatile components also react with the stone, which affects such stones with poor chemical stability. The phenomenon of efflorescence occurs after the stone is installed with wet stickers. In fact, most of the sources of alkaline materials come from the bonding materials. If the dry hanging process is used, the pan-alkali will not appear. Similarly, the dry hanging process will not cause water spots.
Common stone illnesses:
1. The key to preventing rust spots from rust spots is to perform effective surface treatment after stone processing to prevent the iron-containing minerals from oozing out of the surface after oxidation. Generally, oil-based protective agents are used. The rust stain is mainly used as a rust remover. However, since the rust remover is mostly acidic, it is necessary to test the acid-resistant stone such as marble and dolomite before use, and if necessary, add water to dilute.
2, water spots, wet marks to prevent water spots is mainly injected into the resin to make the stone waterproof, to block the moisture in the air and stone or cement internal materials, reduce its chemical reaction conditions. The treatment of water spots mainly uses the infiltration dye to change the color of the original stone. The "wet marks are not dry" can be regarded as a major problem in the international stone conservation.
3, Baihua phenomenon, commonly known as tears to prevent white Hua phenomenon is mainly after the stone processing with osmosis protective agent on the stone six-sided protection. The main problem of dealing with Baihua is to rinse the surface of the cleaned stone with water to make it neutral. After drying, the surface and joints of the stone are cured. Rust remover and detergent should use high oxygen, mild formula, remove rust stains, tea stains, straw stains, yellow spot stains and metal oxides on the stone, and must not hurt the stone.
If the stone damage is serious, the surface gloss disappears. If this is the case, you will need to polish with Dolby Fine Powder + F66 True Light. The polishing powder contains fine particles of an oxidizing agent such as alumina or tin oxide, and its main component contains a surface oxidation active and does not contain an acid. Hand-polished is suitable for the bathroom and kitchen area of ​​the hotel building, while the machine polishing is used for large areas of matte area.
The specific practices are as follows:
1" to ensure that the surface is dry, not protected by a protective agent, if necessary, you can first use a neutral cleaning agent to clean the surface, so that the stone surface is clean and dry, ready for the next polishing.
2" Use a spatula to remove the polishing liquid onto the surface of the stone, then sprinkle the same amount of polishing powder, using half a spoon of polishing powder and polishing liquid on each square foot (0.093 square meters) of stone surface.
3" Polished with 100---140 lb ground grinder or hand grinder (1500---2500 rpm) with white nylon pad and wool pad for polishing on the ground to be treated.
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