There are three basic coding technologies for card entry and exit control: First, coding according to the principle of optical technology, corresponding card types are punched cards, barcode cards, infrared cards, etc.; second, codes are encoded according to the principle of magnetic technology, and the corresponding card types are magnetic stripe cards. Wiegand card, ferrite card; Third, the use of large-scale integrated circuit microprocessor chip encoding, such as IC cards (also known as smart cards).
Optical Technology Principle Code Card
The barcode card is made of black and white printed or metal strips placed in the interlayer of the plastic card. The security of the barcode card is very low. It can be easily copied by a laser printer and is easily defaced. Therefore, it can only be used for security requirements. High entrance control place. Optical technology coded cards use photoelectric scanners to read cards.
The basic principle of the laser card is similar to that of a laser video disk. Optical recording technology is used to record and read digital data with a laser beam at a sensitive layer of the optical card structure. The most prominent feature of the optical card is the large capacity. An ordinary optical card can store up to 6.6 Mbits of information and therefore has high confidentiality.
Magnetic Technology Code Card
Magnetic technology cards include magnetic stripe cards, Wiegand cards, and ferrite cards.
Magnetic stripe cards are called magnetic cards for more than 30 years. One or more tape strips are attached to one side of the card. Many information can be stored on the magnetic stripe. Since low-energy magnetic cards are easier to tamper with, copy and wear, a high-energy (high-coercivity) magnetic card was later introduced.
The Wiegand card has a very thin wire embedded in the card. When the card passes through the reader's head, a pulse voltage is generated and a set of pulses are generated under the influence of the magnetic field of the reader's sensor coil. The signal is converted to a binary code by the reader.
The barium ferrite card has a sandwich-like sandwich structure in which some magnetic material is placed between two plastic sheets. Since the material used in the middle is mostly barium ferrite, it is called a ferrite bismuth card. The card code can be determined based on the polarity and position of the ferrite material. The security and anti-copying performance of these cards lie between Wiegand and magnetic stripe cards, but at a lower price than Wiegand and magnetic stripe cards.
Smart Card (Integrated Circuit Card)
Smart cards, also known as IC (Integrated Circuit) cards, initially require smart cards to physically contact the reader in order to provide them with power and exchange information, which is a contact card. Later, there was a close-coupled IC card that had to be inserted into the slot of the machine. The position of the card was important for correct operation. Power energy and signals are transmitted via one or two coils. If the IC card can use RF for energy and information exchange, it is called induction (RF) card.
According to the different types of IC cards, they can be divided into three types: Read-Write Card (RW), Write Once Read Many Card (WORM) and Read-Only (RO or ID) cards. RW cards are generally much more expensive than WORM cards and RO cards. A WORM card is a card that can be written by a user once. The data after writing cannot be changed. The ID card has a unique number and cannot be modified. This provides security and the ID card is the cheapest.
IC cards can also be divided into contact and non-contact two categories. The contact card must physically touch the card reader. The non-contact card can use the sensor antenna in the card to enable the card reader to read the card data inductively. Contactless cards are called proximity cards, which are further divided into Mifare smart cards, Legic smart cards, and INDIA (Motorola) cards.
Optical Technology Principle Code Card
The barcode card is made of black and white printed or metal strips placed in the interlayer of the plastic card. The security of the barcode card is very low. It can be easily copied by a laser printer and is easily defaced. Therefore, it can only be used for security requirements. High entrance control place. Optical technology coded cards use photoelectric scanners to read cards.
The basic principle of the laser card is similar to that of a laser video disk. Optical recording technology is used to record and read digital data with a laser beam at a sensitive layer of the optical card structure. The most prominent feature of the optical card is the large capacity. An ordinary optical card can store up to 6.6 Mbits of information and therefore has high confidentiality.
Magnetic Technology Code Card
Magnetic technology cards include magnetic stripe cards, Wiegand cards, and ferrite cards.
Magnetic stripe cards are called magnetic cards for more than 30 years. One or more tape strips are attached to one side of the card. Many information can be stored on the magnetic stripe. Since low-energy magnetic cards are easier to tamper with, copy and wear, a high-energy (high-coercivity) magnetic card was later introduced.
The Wiegand card has a very thin wire embedded in the card. When the card passes through the reader's head, a pulse voltage is generated and a set of pulses are generated under the influence of the magnetic field of the reader's sensor coil. The signal is converted to a binary code by the reader.
The barium ferrite card has a sandwich-like sandwich structure in which some magnetic material is placed between two plastic sheets. Since the material used in the middle is mostly barium ferrite, it is called a ferrite bismuth card. The card code can be determined based on the polarity and position of the ferrite material. The security and anti-copying performance of these cards lie between Wiegand and magnetic stripe cards, but at a lower price than Wiegand and magnetic stripe cards.
Smart Card (Integrated Circuit Card)
Smart cards, also known as IC (Integrated Circuit) cards, initially require smart cards to physically contact the reader in order to provide them with power and exchange information, which is a contact card. Later, there was a close-coupled IC card that had to be inserted into the slot of the machine. The position of the card was important for correct operation. Power energy and signals are transmitted via one or two coils. If the IC card can use RF for energy and information exchange, it is called induction (RF) card.
According to the different types of IC cards, they can be divided into three types: Read-Write Card (RW), Write Once Read Many Card (WORM) and Read-Only (RO or ID) cards. RW cards are generally much more expensive than WORM cards and RO cards. A WORM card is a card that can be written by a user once. The data after writing cannot be changed. The ID card has a unique number and cannot be modified. This provides security and the ID card is the cheapest.
IC cards can also be divided into contact and non-contact two categories. The contact card must physically touch the card reader. The non-contact card can use the sensor antenna in the card to enable the card reader to read the card data inductively. Contactless cards are called proximity cards, which are further divided into Mifare smart cards, Legic smart cards, and INDIA (Motorola) cards.
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