This year, the cotton in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River started unfavorably. The progress of transplanting was slower than that of the same period of last year. The area was greatly reduced. The survival rate of transplanted cotton decreased sharply and the growth of the seedlings was weak. Among them, the early-growing mulch cotton grows well, the cotton seedlings transplanted in May are weak, the dead seedlings increase every day, and the polarization is severe. Although the temperature dropped after May 21, due to limited rainfall and uneven distribution, the drought continued, and the area of ​​cotton protection was more difficult.
Due to the long duration of the spring drought, the water level of the rivers and lakes has dropped drastically, the ponds, canals and ditch have dried up, and the grassy weeds have grown at the bottom of the lake. The old man said that such a severe spring drought is extremely rare, and it has not been seen in a hundred years. The area affected by drought in the basin is nearly 100 million mu (CCTV reported on May 21). In mid-May, some local governments introduced the “one-three guarantees†disaster relief measures, “resistance to drought, production planning, food production increase and farmers’ income increaseâ€. They asked for ways to find water sources, and to find ways to raise water, protect early rice fields and preserve rice. Putian and Baomian, etc.
According to May 17-20, surveys were conducted in Nanyang, Huanggang and Changde, and transplanted before the end of April. Since the precipitation was 10-20 mm at the beginning of May, the survival rate was around 90%, and some new leaves were grown. The survival rate of the mulching film is over 90%, and the new leaves are 2 to 3 pieces, and the growth is very good. After the rain, transplanting, due to large evaporation, fast loss, lack of mouth, especially since the mid-May, the high temperature, 18-20 daily German area issued an orange high temperature warning, the highest temperature of 37 ° C, the sun is like a fire As if entering the midsummer. In the Changde cotton field, you can see a bottle of water (80 kg) drenched (poured) seedlings, a dozen water drenched, and died without dripping. The cotton field was not covered. Although the water was drenched several times, the seedlings were still very aging, the seedlings were weak, the trees were not planted, and the dead seedlings were increasing. There is still half of the flat crude oil (wheat) after the cotton can not be transplanted, the hills and slopes of the cotton field are difficult to emerge, the dead seedling area increases day by day, and some cotton fields are dry and die. In response to the severe drought, the way to fight drought and protect the seedlings, the temperature dropped after May 21, but the drought is still lifted, drought-resistant seedlings and replanting are still the top priority of the current cotton.
I. Preservation measures for plain cotton fields
1. Keep the cotton seedlings in the field. One is to pour water for life, including open field cotton fields and covered cotton fields. For transplanted seedlings after rain, including nutrient mash, remove the sprayer nozzle, spray water at the root of the cotton plant in the morning and evening, keep the roots moist, 2 to 3 barrels per acre, once a day, conditionally add "802" irrigation root Can sustain life. It is also possible to use a pressurized water pump to pump water from the rivers and lakes. Once the ditch is filled once, it can be maintained for a few days, and it is necessary to continuously replenish water. Any seedling that does not survive can not be added with urea or ammonium bicarbonate fertilizer when it is drenched. The second is to prevent cotton aphids, tigers and snails from preserving seedlings. Weeding and weeding in the field.
2, seedbed seedlings, postponed transplanting. First, due to the high temperature, this year's oil (wheat) is premature, and the vine is more than 10 days earlier. However, due to the continuous spread of drought, no irrigation can be transplanted. After the oil (wheat), the cotton should be transplanted after the rain. The second is seedling seedlings. The water control and seedling method can be used to control the growth of seedling seedlings. The growth of leaves can also be controlled by low concentration ketamine spray, and transplanted after rain. All nursery greenhouses should be greatly ventilated and cooled to reduce the combination of watering and hydration. The third is to replenish cotton seedlings and transplant them after the rain. It can be raised in the seedbed. Replenish the seedlings after the rain. For the lack of seedlings, the cotton field should be replenished, and the remaining seedlings of the seedlings should be replanted after the rain.
3. Transplanting oil (wheat) cotton in time. Once you have a source of water, you can irrigate the water and pick up the water. Second, we must plant it deeply and advocate mulching. It is required to ditch more than 10 cm deep, and the roots of the seedlings are more than 7 cm. Third, we must tighten the soil and pour it into the "Anjia Water". Due to the dry hot air, it is recommended to transplant after 4 pm, and no dry hot air can be transplanted all day. Four seedbeds must first refine the seedlings, requiring red stems to account for more than half. Five fertilizers should not be placed in the ditch or in the cave, and the water can not be fertilized to prevent burning of the seedlings and causing dead seedlings. Six should apply the herbicide under the guidance.
Second, hills, slopes, cotton fields, disaster relief measures
According to incomplete statistics, there are 2 million mu of hilly and sloping cotton fields in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, distributed in Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake and the southern foot of Dabie Mountain. The damage caused by the drought is even more serious. These cotton fields are broadcast live and transplanted. Sowing or transplanting in late April, irrigate once, drenched 5 to 6 times, and the seedlings were kept down. However, because the temperature is too high, the water source is getting less and less, the transplanted cotton is dying under the sun exposure, the old seedlings, the red stems are on the sky, and the dead seedling area is still increasing every day. Some of the live cotton did not emerge, and some died dry.
This kind of cotton field disaster relief method is to find a way to (lead) water conservation seedlings, transplanting seedlings or replanting after rain.
Third, on the issue of cotton replanting time
From the point of view of disaster relief, the latest sowing date of cotton in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River varies from breed to breed, but the time cannot be later than in early June.
1. The latest sowing date of spring cotton varieties is at the end of May. If the weather improves, the drought will be lifted, planted at the end of May, Qi Miao in early June, bud in mid-July, flowering in mid-August, and about 30 days in the ringing period. Since the growth time is nearly 60 days late, the density should be increased to close the density, usually double the density, the seeding rate is 2 kg/mu, and the seedling density is 3000-4000 plants/mu. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the management of early hair, to fix the seedlings in the morning, to do a good job in chemical regulation, and to obtain 400-500 kg/mu of seed cotton.
2. The latest sowing date for short-season cotton varieties is in early June. Only short-season cotton varieties can be planted, with a plain density of 3,000-4,000 plants/mu and a hilly sloping land of 4,000-5,000 plants/mu. To strengthen chemical regulation.
3. Cotton cannot be grown after the first half of June. After the first half of June, both the spring cotton variety and the short-season cotton varieties in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River have late maturity problems, so they cannot be planted.
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