Hydrogen early warning technology is expected to prevent lithium-ion battery fires

The reporter learned from Zhengzhou University a few days ago that Jin Yang, associate professor of the School of Electrical Engineering of the school, led the research team and found that the use of hydrogen detection technology can quickly detect the precipitation of trace lithium dendrites on the surface of the graphite anode of lithium-ion batteries. When the battery energy storage system detects hydrogen generation The charging power supply will be cut off immediately to avoid fire and realize early safety warning for thermal runaway of lithium-ion battery. The research results were recently published in the international academic journal "Joule".

Lithium-ion batteries have the characteristics of high energy density and have become one of the most competitive energy storage technologies in the fields of portable devices, electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage, and are closely related to people's production and life. However, due to the existing commercial lithium-ion batteries using flammable organic solvents as the main components of the electrolyte and the inherent heat-releasing characteristics of lithium-ion batteries, lithium dendrites may be generated under overcharge or fast charge. Pierce the diaphragm, causing safety accidents such as thermal runaway.

The researchers found through the in-situ optical and gas detection test platform that lithium-ion batteries produce hydrogen in the early stage of overcharging. The hydrogen comes from the spontaneous reaction between metallic lithium precipitated on the surface of the graphite negative electrode and the organic binder in the negative electrode. This method is used. It can detect the precipitation of trace lithium dendrites. In order to further verify the effectiveness of the technology in practical applications, the researchers carried out an overcharge experiment of a single lithium-ion battery module in the actual energy storage cabin. The results showed that hydrogen can be detected earlier than other gases, and the detection The time was 639 seconds earlier than the appearance of heavy smoke and 769 seconds before the module caught fire. Based on this, the researchers carried out a larger-scale battery cluster overcharge early warning experiment. When hydrogen was detected, the charging power was cut off without any visible smoke or open flames, which verified the safety early warning effect of hydrogen detection. In view of the frequent fire accidents of electric vehicles, which pose serious dangers to people's lives and property, it is urgent to find a method that can quickly and effectively detect lithium dendrites and realize early safety warnings for thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries. The research results are expected to be applied to electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage power stations to prevent lithium-ion battery fire hazards. (Reporter Cui Shuang)

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