In industrial production, the use of heat generated by fuel combustion, or the conversion of electrical energy into heat to heat the workpiece or material, becomes an industrial furnace. The intermediate frequency furnace is also an industrial furnace, but it is customary to exclude boilers and other energy conversion equipment such as coke ovens and gas generators from industrial furnaces.
There are many types of industrial furnaces used in the mechanical industry. In the foundry, there are open furnaces, cupolas, crucible furnaces, induction furnaces, electric resistance furnaces, electric arc furnaces, vacuum furnaces, etc.; in the forging workshop, there are various heating furnaces for pre-forging heating of steel ingots or billets and heat treatment for stress relief. In the heat treatment workshop, there are various intermediate frequency furnaces for annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering to improve the mechanical properties of the workpiece; in the welding workshop, there are steel plate heating furnaces and post-weld heat treatment furnaces before pressing; in the powder metallurgy workshop, sintering Metal heating furnace, etc.
The technological advancement of industrial furnaces plays an important role in the development of the industry. The structural modeling, heating process, thermal control and furnace atmosphere of the intermediate frequency furnace directly affect the quality of the processed products. In the forging furnace, increasing the heating temperature of the metal can reduce the deformation resistance, but if the temperature is too high, it will cause grain growth, oxidation or over-burning, which seriously affects the quality of the workpiece. During the heat treatment and heating process, if the steel is heated to a certain point above the critical temperature and then suddenly cooled, the strength and hardness of the steel can be increased; if it is slowly cooled to a point below the critical temperature, the hardness of the steel can be increased. Lowering increases toughness. In order to obtain a workpiece with a precise size and a smooth surface, or to reduce metal oxidation to protect the mold and reduce the machining allowance, various less oxidation-free furnaces can be used. In the open flameless oxidation-free heating furnace, the incomplete combustion of the fuel is used to generate a reducing gas, and heating the workpiece therein can reduce the oxidation loss rate to 0.3% or less. The controlled atmosphere furnace is prepared by using artificially prepared gas into the furnace for gas carburizing, carbonitriding, bright quenching, normalizing, annealing and the like, thereby achieving the purpose of changing the metallographic structure and improving the mechanical properties of the workpiece. In the flow intermediate frequency furnace, the combustion gas of the fuel or other fluidizing agent applied externally forcibly flows through the graphite particles or other inert particle layers on the hearth, and the workpiece can be intensively heated in the particle layer, and carburized. , nitriding and other non-oxidative heating. In the salt bath furnace, the molten salt solution is used as a heating medium to prevent oxidation and decarburization of the workpiece.
Casting cast iron in the cupola often receives the influence of coke quality, air supply mode, charge condition and air temperature, making the smelting process difficult to stabilize and difficult to obtain high quality molten iron. The hot air cupola can effectively increase the temperature of the molten iron, reduce the burning of the alloy, and reduce the oxidation rate of the molten iron, so that high-quality cast iron can be produced. With the advent of coreless induction furnaces, cupolas have gradually been replaced. The melting of the induction furnace is not limited by any cast iron grade. It can be converted from smelting one grade of cast iron to smelting another grade of cast iron, and is more conducive to improving the quality of molten iron. Some special alloy steels, such as ultra-low-carbon alloy steels and steels for steam turbine rotors, need to be tempered by a flat-burning furnace in a general arc furnace. In the refining furnace, vacuum degassing and argon agitation are used to remove impurities, and further refining is high-purity. , high-quality steel liquid with large capacity.
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