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Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Nb4N5 Nanoporous Films
In the future, portable electronic devices and electric vehicles are in urgent need of various kinds of high-efficiency power supplies. The development of supercapacitors is a kind of energy storage device with wonderful prospects, and it is also favored by academic and industrial circles. The common supercapacitor electrode materials mainly include transition metal oxides such as RuO2, MnO2, NiO, carbon materials, and conductive polymer materials. In recent years, studies of transition metal nitrides (TiN, VN, WN, Mo2N, etc.) as superconducting materials have been continuously reported, based on the advantages of low cost, excellent electrochemical performance, high molar density, and good electrochemical stability. , It is expected to become a good device electrode material for the next generation of super capacitor energy storage.
Recently, researchers from the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Peking University, Cui Houlei, Huang Fuqiang and other researchers have discovered a new type of GaN electrode material, Nb4N5 nanoporous film, with excellent supercapacitor performance. Nb 4 N 5 belongs to the tetragonal I4/m space group and is a NaCl-type structure rich in Nb vacancy defects and has never been used as an energy storage material.
The preparation process is simple, and the highly ordered Nb 4 N 5 nanohole array can be prepared simply by anodizing the Nb foil under proper conditions and then heat treatment in an NH 3 atmosphere. XPS analysis results show that Nb 4 N 5 contains both Nb 3+ and Nb 5+. The presence of mixed valence cations not only produces Faraday tantalum capacitors but also leads to good metal-like conductivity. In the 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte, the surface capacitance of 226 mF cm-2 was obtained at a current density of 0.5 mA cm-2, much higher than that of a similar Nb2O5 electrode of 0.2 mF cm-2, and the metal nitride nanostructure was also achieved. The highest level of thin film electrodes.
Increasing the current density to 10 mA cm-2 still retains 137 mF cm-2 indicating good rate performance. In addition, through the polymerization and carbonization of dopamine, the Nb 4 N 5 nanopore membrane electrode is coated with an ultra-thin carbon membrane, which significantly improves the cycle stability, and the retention rate of the capacitor after 2000 cycles of cyclic voltammetry increases to nearly 100%. Studies have shown that carbon-coated Nb 4 N 5 nanopore films can constitute a two-electrode symmetry device, which has good practical potential.
The Nb 4 N 5 nanopore film can also be used as a good support to deposit other active materials to form a composite electrode; it is also expected to be used in other energy-related applications. The preparation method of the material is simple and reliable, with excellent morphology structure and superior electrochemical performance, and can be extended to systems such as Ti, W, Zr, Nb, and Ta, and provides a new type of nitride and oxynitride super-electrode material for development and design. Good ideas. The relevant results were published in Advanced Science (DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500126).
Related work has been funded by the National Natural Science Foundation and the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission.
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