Balanced fertilization technology for muskmelon in greenhouse

Since the successful introduction of thick-skinned melon in 2000 in Wuping County, Fujian Province, it has been used in the towns of Wan'an, Yongping and Taoxi every year to promote the cultivation of “Golden Girl”, “Cuimi”, “Zhuangyuan” and other thick-skinned melons. The benefits are very significant and the market prospects are good. In order to reduce the cost of planting thick-skinned melons in greenhouses and improve planting efficiency, the balanced fertilization techniques for greenhouse cultivation of thick-skinned melons are summarized as follows:

I. Fertilizer characteristics and fertilization principles

According to the heat-resistant and cold-tolerant characteristics of muskmelon, Wuping County is suitable for sowing time from mid-February to early September. It is cultivated in hanging vines. The whole growth period is 75-100 days. Most of the growth period is in high temperature and dry season, after sowing 3 ～5 days to emerge, 3 to 4 true leaves can be transplanted. The three elements of thick-skinned melons are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The potassium content is the highest, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. The amount of medium and trace elements is arranged in order of calcium, magnesium, boron and zinc. Fertilization should be based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, and a large number of elements should be scientifically matched with medium and trace elements; water and fertilizer should be used as the main topdressing method, and “foot fertilizer, heavy application of fertilizer, and application of foliar fertilizer” should be adopted. The principle of fertilization. From the seedling stage to the extension stage, the nutrient absorption before artificial pollination is increasing. Fertilization is mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, and appropriate phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are combined with calcium, magnesium and boron fertilizers to promote the early growth of melon seedlings and form a high-yield seedling. Beware of the occurrence of magnesium-deficient and boron-deficient physiological diseases. After 10 leaves are grown, it is necessary to adjust the fertilization, control the growth of stems and leaves, and promote reproductive growth, so as not to cause excessive vegetative growth, and it is difficult to take fruit when flowering pollination. During the expansion period of melon and fruit, the nutrient absorption reached the highest peak within 15 to 20 days of artificial pollination. Nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be mainly used. The appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer and magnesium and zinc fertilizer should be applied to promote the expansion of melon and sugar and the synthesis of sugar. After 20 days of pollination, the nutrient uptake decreased, and the supply of fertilizer and water should be stopped 10 days from the harvest period.

Second, according to the level of soil fertility, determine the proportion of fertilization

Muskmelon melon needs a large amount of fertilizer during the whole growth period, and its fertilization amount should be determined according to the soil fertility level and the target yield of melon. The soil of melons grown in Wuping County mainly consists of gray muddy fields and gray sand muddy fields. The soil samples from 2001 to 2006 showed that the soil fertility in the county was higher, the organic matter was 23.7-40 g/kg, the total nitrogen was 1.02～1.98 g/kg, and the alkaline nitrogen was 91-125 mg/kg. 8.4 ~ 18.6 mg / kg, available potassium is 64 ~ 92 mg / kg, effective zinc is 1.07 ~ 1.21 mg / kg, effective boron is 0.01 ~ 0.05 g / kg, exchangeable magnesium 0.14 ~ 0.25 mol / kg, pH It is 5.0 to 5.7. However, due to different soil and habits, farmers have different varieties and quantity of fertilization. According to the planting experience and fertilizer test in recent years, combined with the factors such as yield and benefit, the medium fertility field has a yield of 1500~ per mu. At the level of 2000 kg, the ratio of fertilization nitrogen: phosphorus pentoxide: potassium oxide is 1:0.5:1.2-1.5, of which 8-10 kg of pure nitrogen, 4-5 kg ​​of phosphorus pentoxide, and 12-15 of potassium oxide. In kilograms, the amount of magnesium oxide in the medium and trace elements is 1 to 2 kg, boron is 0.05 to 0.1 kg, zinc is 0.2 to 0.3 kg, and lime is 75 to 100 kg.

Third, select the fertilizer, apply in moderation

1. The pH value of the suitable growth of melon and melon is 6.0-6.8. Wuping County is affected by the subtropical climate and other soil factors. The soil pH of the melon paddy field is mostly acidic. 5-7 days before transplanting, 1 mu. Applying 75 to 100 kilograms of quicklime to neutralize soil acidity and increase calcium nutrition. In order to meet the needs of the formation of high-yield seedlings in the early stage of thick-skinned melon, the base fertilizer should be applied, and the organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer should be applied together. The muskmelon is a shallow-rooted crop, and the fertilization should be suitable for shallow and shallow, about 1/2 height, double row Planting is carried out in the middle of the ditch. When planting in a single row, the fertilizer is applied on one side, and the melon is planted on one side to avoid planting above the base fertilizer. Apply 1000-1500 kg of decomposed manure or bio-organic fertilizer per acre to 150-200 kg, with potassium sulfate type (15-15-15) compound fertilizer or BB fertilizer 25-30 kg, borax 0.5-1 kg, magnesium sulfate 5 ~10 kg. The experiment shows that the organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer combined mode, the total sugar content is increased by 0.42%~1.03% compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer. The appearance of the melon and fruit is bright, and the yield per mu is 112-145 kg, which is converted according to 4.0 yuan/kg. The net increase in output value is 448-560 yuan, and the benefits are remarkable.

2. After the early application of seedling fertilization for 3 to 5 days, after returning to the seedlings, it is necessary to promptly apply the seedling fertilizer to promote early fast-growing, and use 5 kg of ammonium bicarbonate and other quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers for water and fertilizer application per acre; 10 days after transplanting. The second time, the seedling fertilizer was applied, and 5 to 10 kg of 45% potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer was applied per mu to meet the needs of the fertilizer and water in the extension period.

3. After several days of flowering and pollination, the fruit grows to the size of the egg and begins to enter the expansion period. The upper leaves and fruit development enter the peak of fertilizer demand. At this time, the fertilizer should be reapplied twice, the first time. Apply dry application, apply 15 cm from the plant, apply 10-15 kg of 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 50% potassium sulfate 7.5-10 kg per mu. ~ 10 kg of 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, plus 50% potassium sulfate 5 kg, watered fertilizer.

4. Skillful application of foliar-skinned melon is a fresh fruit, requiring high sweetness, strong aroma, beautiful appearance and excellent quality. Top dressing can improve the rhizosphere nutrients of the plants, promote the absorption of nutrients by the roots, and increase the appearance and color of the fruits, increase the sweetness and increase the aroma. In the seedling stage of 1 to 3 true leaves, 1000-1200 times plant power 2003 liquid spray is applied to enhance the resistance of the seedlings. Spraying 0.1%-0.2% urea, 0.05%-0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, chlorophyllin, etc. in the vine-grown period to promote vegetative growth. Spraying at the flowering stage, 0.1% to 0.2% borax solution, 0.05% to 0.1% zinc sulphate solution, flowering essence, etc., promote flowering and fruit setting. Spray the Yunda 120 or sweet fruit essence 7 days and 15 days after fruit setting to increase the sweetness and increase the appearance.

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