First, seed pre-treatment
Before sowing, you should bring the shell to the sun, choose sunny morning, spread the thickness of about 10 cm, turn it every 1~2 hours, and soak for 2 to 3 days. The time for shelling is preferably 10 to 15 days before sowing. After shelling, the kernels are large and tidy, the seeds are full, the color is good, and the primary and secondary large seeds are not damaged by mechanical damage, and the tertiary particles are eliminated.
Second, land improvement, deep cultivation
Peanut is the result of flowering underground on the ground. The root system is developed, and the soil layer is required to be deep and the upper part is loose. Therefore, it should be properly deep-rooted before winter or early spring. For the clay soil, an appropriate amount of fine sand can be added to improve the permeability of the resulting soil layer. The sand layer is too thick, and the result is deep. The clay is 10-15 cm thick under the plow to create a soil layer for water storage and fertilizer conservation.
Third, ridge fertilization, cultivate soil strength
Because the number of nodules in the early stage of peanut growth is small, the nitrogen fixation ability is weak, and the fruit needle has been inserted into the soil in the middle and late stages, which is not suitable for fertilization. Therefore, it is important to apply the base fertilizer to the peanut. Generally, before planting, combine the ploughing and land preparation, and apply the base fertilizer at one time to meet the demand for fertilizer in the whole growth period. As far as possible, the farmer's fertilizer should be applied as much as possible in the conditional areas. The farmer's fertilizer should be 2,000-3,000 kg per mu of the base, 30-40 kg of compound fertilizer, 30 kg of boron fertilizer, and 1 kg of boron fertilizer. The high-yield field should be 3,000-4,000 kg of farmyard manure per mu. 45% compound fertilizer 40 ~ 50 kg, boron fertilizer 1 ~ 1.5 kg. In addition, peanuts are not recommended to apply seed fertilizers, especially when boron fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, it is strictly prohibited to be applied into the seeding ditch to avoid burning seedlings.
Fourth, suitable sowing, full seedlings
When the ground temperature of 5 cm soil layer is stable at 12 °C, it is generally half an earlier than that of bare soil cultivation. April 20 to May 5. Large ridges and double rows, the distance between the holes is 16 to 18 cm, 8,000 to 10,000 holes per mu, 2 seeds per hole; 3 to 4 cm deep.
V. Field management
In the early stage (seed period), management should be strengthened, roots should be tied, pests and diseases should be prevented, and early seedlings should be promoted.
In the middle stage (flower needle-result period), it mainly controls the growth of branches and leaves above the ground, and promotes the development of fruit needles and young fruits below.
The late stage (mature period) is the period of full bloom of pods, which mainly reflects the word “post-protectionâ€. It pays attention to drought-resistant and sputum-sucking to prevent rotten fruit, and to control insects and fruit to win high yield, prevent disease and protect leaves and promote fruit.
Sixth, pest control
Peanut leaf spot: Spray the following low-toxic fungicides before starting flowers, or use 70% mancozeb wettable powder 70-80 grams per acre, 400-600 times solution, or 50% methyl thiophanate wettability Powder is 70-100 grams per acre, 1000-1500 times liquid, or one of them.
Flower rust disease: In the early stage of the disease, use 75% chlorothalonil WP 100-125 g per acre, and spray 60-75 kg with water. Or spray with Bordeaux mixture of copper sulfate, quicklime and water in a ratio of 1:2:200. In severe cases, the two fungicides are used alternately, spraying once every 8 to 10 days.
Peanut root rot: Disable the peanut seeding of the pile. After sowing, the seeds are mixed with 50% carbendazim WP 500-1000 g per 100 kg of seeds.
蛴螬: In July, 50% phoxim or 90% trichlorfon 1000 times liquid was added.
Peanut meal: 50% anti-Converse wettable powder per acre 10~18g, 2000~2500 times liquid by water; 40% dimethoate 50ml water 60kg, 1000~1500 times liquid.
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