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In a recent study from the Lund University in Sweden, researchers used new technologies to study the very fast process of solar cells. The research results will make solar cells more efficient.
The upper limit of solar cell conversion efficiency is about 33%. However, researchers now find it is not impossible to increase their upper limit to more than 40%, which will significantly improve the development potential of solar energy.
Quantum-level photons and electrons were studied in this experiment. The quantum level refers to a microcosm of the individual atoms and their arrangement. Researchers have found that the natural laws of the quantum level are slightly different from the real world and have more advantages.
Tnu Pullerits, a professor of chemical physics at Lund University, said: "They did not think that it could work.
In this study, Tönu Pulllerits and his colleagues studied solar cells containing what are called nano-sized quantum dot materials. These quantum dots can be understood as single atoms of a semiconductor material. When sunlight hits these quantum dots, one photon can extract two electrons, which can improve the efficiency of solar cells.
Professor Pullerits said: "This will mean a radical improvement in solar cells." The reason for this effect lies in the quantum-scale mechanics. This phenomenon is called quantum coherence, which causes perfect energy transfer for an energy type that is almost unimpeded.
Quantum coherence opens up the possibility that even if energy transfer finds the best route among all possible routes at the same time. For example, if you check out at the supermarket, you will first look at it and then choose the fastest moving team to wait for the checkout. In fact, this is much faster than queuing up for checkout: In the quantum world it only takes a billionth of a second to complete. Researchers are also discussing whether this phenomenon also applies to the process of capturing sunlight by certain photosynthetic organisms.
In recent years, Tnu Pullerits and his colleagues have conducted research to try to understand and control the quantum coherence phenomenon, so that it can be used to produce more efficient solar cells, and the research results can also be used in other environments, including the transmission of electrons and photons. The understanding of the interaction process is the most critical and it will be the foundation of future high-speed quantum electronics.
The study was conducted by researchers from Lund University in Sweden and researchers in Oregon, USA. The related papers have been published in the scientific journal Nature Communications and are of interest here.
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