In the drilling process, to improve productivity, it seems that it is not the most complicated processing problem, but the following three most important factors will directly affect the drilling speed, tolerance and tool life, namely:
1. Coolant;
2, spindle speed and feed rate;
3. The rigidity of the tool clamping.
Coolant coolant keeps the drill tip at a fairly low operating temperature and helps extend tool life. The accumulation of heat in a hole causes the drill tip to curl, making its cutting edge dull, causing it to "plow" through the workpiece. This will cause the drill bit to break in the hole. Some people think that the only function of the coolant is cooling, but Mr. Gregory S. Antoun, president of ChipBlaster, said that coolant has other effects.
The coolant keeps the drill tip at a suitable operating temperature and keeps the workpiece lubricated. Lubrication helps the drill tip maintain its sharp cutting edge and extend its life.
Mr. Antoun said: “In a cutting fluid, the concentration of the lubricant depends on the workpiece and the tool. The single-edge turning tool with a very small contact surface can achieve a lubricant concentration of 5% in the coolant. When you increase At the contact surface of the drill bit, the concentration must be increased to at least 8%.†He also said that after tapping, the highest lubricant concentration required in the coolant is 12%, and the reduced concentration during drilling will also reduce the tool life by 90%. %. At the same time, the coolant can also rush the chips out of the holes. Frederik-Sundstrom, Seco-Carboloy drilling product manager, said: "If you don't punch the chips out of the hole, you will break the drill bit." The same simple reason, the chip will bind the tip, lock the tip, and block the tip. Hold the tip of the knife tightly to break the drill bit.
Mr. Herman pointed out that European mechanics use a small amount of coolant combined with compressed air from the workshop to reduce the amount of coolant normally required for drilling. ChipBlaster, Seco-Carboloy and Komet of the United States recommend that the coolant pressure should be kept at a high level. Mr. Herman and Mr. Sundstrom said that high pressures only increase the efficiency of the coolant. In addition, all three companies recommend that mechanical workers use coolant technology through the tool when performing hole machining, but often do not.
There is a limit to the coolant technology through the tool. When the size of the hole is close to 0.1969 inches (5 mm) or less, it is often not possible to supply coolant through the drill bit, and external coolant technology must be used. Although some square or g-type drills provide tool coolant technology when the gauge is less than 0.1969 inches, it is often necessary to use a boring technique to drill such small holes.
Mr. Mike Herman, Sales Director of Komet, USA, said: “When drilling a hole, when a mechanic drills to 1 or 2 times its diameter, it needs to be cleaned, ie flushed with external coolant to remove the chips. Despite the boring It’s time consuming, but it’s better than the other.†He said, “If you break a small drill bit in a hole, you may need to use a wire-cut method to remove the drill bit, or You may be at risk of scrapping a workpiece worth thousands of dollars."
Drilling spindle speed and feed rate Mr. Sundstrom of Seco-Carboloy said: “Finding the right drilling spindle speed and feed rate is the second key factor in increasing productivity in drilling.â€
Tool suppliers provide a detailed list of cutting tool data in their product samples, and those specifications must be accurately followed. The tool manufacturer's specifications also help the mechanics decide which tool is the most suitable tool for machining the workpiece. These tools include: insert drill bits, carbide or high speed steel drill bits, welding drill bits, small helix angles (12o helix angle). Twist drill or standard 35o spiral angle twist drill. For example, small helix angle twist drills are generally suitable for particularly hard materials, as well as for materials that are tacky during processing, such as titanium.
Rigidity of Tool Clamping Finally, the rigidity of tool clamping is also a particularly important factor in improving drilling efficiency. If the workpiece is not properly clamped, it will result in poor surface quality, tremors, and many other problems, which can even cause parts to be scrapped and reduce the working life of the drill.
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