What are the manifestations of occupational poisoning?

Poisoning due to exposure to productive poisons is called occupational poisoning. Poisons can cause acute poisoning after a large number of humans enter the body within a short time; long-term excessive exposure to poisons can cause chronic poisoning; short-term exposure to higher concentrations of poisons can cause subacute poisoning. Due to the different characteristics of poisons, some poisons only cause chronic poisoning in production conditions, such as lead and manganese poisoning; and some poisons can often cause acute poisoning, such as methane, carbon monoxide, chlorine and so on. Due to the different toxicological characteristics of poisons, there are large differences in performance, and there are many kinds of poisons that cannot be listed one by one. Here is a general introduction.

First, the nervous system. The early common neurasthenia syndrome and psychiatric symptoms of chronic poisoning are generally functional changes that can gradually recover from disengagement. Lead and manganese poisoning can damage motor and sensory nerves and cause peripheral neuritis. Tremor is common in manganese poisoning or sequelae of acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Brain edema can occur when severe poisoning occurs.

Second, the respiratory system. Inhalation of certain gases at a time can cause suffocation. Long-term inhalation of irritating gases can cause chronic respiratory tract inflammation, and inflammation of the upper respiratory tract such as rhinitis, perforation of nasal septum, pharyngitis, and bronchitis can occur. Inhalation of large amounts of irritating gases can cause severe respiratory diseases such as chemical pulmonary edema and pneumonia.

Third, the blood system. Many poisons can cause damage to the blood system. According to different toxic effects, they often appear as anemia, hemorrhage, hemolysis, methemoglobin, and leukemia. Lead can cause hypohemochromic anemia. Toxicants such as benzene and trinitrotoluene can inhibit the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow, manifesting as leucocyte and thrombocytopenia, and severely developing aplastic anemia. Carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin in the blood to form carboxyhemoglobin, which depletes tissue.

Fourth, the digestive system. Toxic substances have various effects on the digestive system. When mercury salts, arsenic and other poisons enter the mouth in large quantities, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and hemorrhagic gastroenteritis can occur. When lead and cesium are poisoned, severe and persistent colic can occur, and there are oral ulcers, swollen gums, loose teeth and other symptoms. Long-term inhalation of acid mist, enamel destruction, shedding, known as acid erosion. Inhalation of large amounts of fluoride, brown spots on the teeth, fragile teeth, known as dental fluorosis. Many poisons that damage the liver, such as carbon tetrachloride, bromobenzene, and trinitrotoluene, cause acute or chronic liver disease.

Fifth, the urinary system. Mercury, uranium, arsine, glycol, etc. can cause toxic nephropathy. Such as acute renal failure, nephrotic syndrome and renal tubular syndrome.
Sixth, other. Productive poisons can also cause skin, eye, and bone lesions. Many chemicals can cause contact dermatitis and folliculitis. The skin of workers exposed to chromium and niobium is prone to ulcers. Long-term exposure to tar, asphalt, arsenic, etc. can cause skin darkening and even skin cancer. Acids, alkalis and other corrosive chemicals may cause irritating ophthalmia, and severe cases may cause chemical burns. Methyl bromide, organic mercury, and methanol poisoning can cause optic atrophy and blindness. Some industrial poisons can also induce cataracts.