Biological pesticides mainly refer to biological organisms, their metabolites and transgenic products that can be used to control pests such as pests and diseases . And it can be made into a biological source preparation for the commodity to be marketed. Including microbial pesticides, agricultural antibiotics, plant-derived pesticides, biochemical pesticides , genetically modified organism pesticides and natural enemy biological pesticides. Microbial pesticides include microbial fungicides (such as Bacillus subtilis, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pseudomonas cepacii, Trichoderma, Myxosporium), microbial insecticides (such as Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus sphaericus) Bacillus lentus, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium, Paecilomyces fuliginea, polychaete, nuclear polyhedrosis virus, etc., entomopathogenic nematode insecticides and microbial herbicides (Lubao No. 1). Agricultural antibiotics include antibiotics, insecticides and herbicides. Plant-derived pesticides are mostly secondary products of plant metabolism, including terpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, phenols, unique amino acids and polysaccharides. Biochemical pesticides include pheromones, hormones, enzymes, natural plant biological regulators, and insect growth regulators. Genetically modified organism pesticides are biological pesticides produced by bioengineering technology, including insect-resistant genetically modified organism pesticides, disease-resistant genetically modified organism pesticides and herbicide-resistant biological pesticides. Natural enemy biological pesticides refer to living organisms that control pests other than microbial pesticides. In general, biological pesticides have the advantages of high selectivity, easy degradation, difficulty in accumulation, low dosage, low pollution, low toxicity to humans and animals, good environmental compatibility, and resistance to pests and diseases. At present, with the promotion of pollution-free production technology and the development and utilization of green food. The bans and restrictions on high-toxic, high-residue chemical pesticides are increasing. The application of pollution-free biological pesticides is becoming more and more extensive. Therefore, vigorously promote bio-pesticide, correctly master the use technology of bio-pesticide, and pay attention to the following aspects in production practice.
I. Familiar with the biological characteristics of biological pesticides The biological characteristics of biological pesticides refer to the scope of application, the route of action, the components of action and the mechanism of action. For example, sulphide, fungus, enemy, etc., their active ingredients are Bacillus thuringiensis,
The application range is toxic to lepidopteran larvae, and is ineffective against mites, mites and mites, and the path of action is stomach poisoning. The mechanism of action is that the dead body can also infect other similar pests that have not been exposed to pesticides. The common characteristics of biopharmaceuticals are characterized by low toxicity, no residue, slow action and long duration. Both the formulation concentration and the dose used are less accurate than the chemical. When the dose is slightly larger, it will not cause phytotoxicity to plants, and it is safer for humans and animals, and does not pollute the environment.
Second, the scientific mastery of drug temperature The application temperature of biological pesticides should be controlled at around 20 °C -30 °C. The active ingredient of biological pesticides consists of protein crystals and living spores, under low temperature conditions. The spores propagate slowly in the body of the pest, the protein crystals are difficult to function, and the control effect is poor. According to the test, bio-pesticide such as Beauveria bassiana and Bacillus thuringiensis. Spray at a temperature of 25 ° C to 30 ° C. The insecticidal effect is 1-2 times higher than that at 10 ° C to 15 ° C.
Third, the scientific mixing of biological agents Scientific mixing of biological agents can improve the control effect. Read the instructions in detail when using them, and use them with your use. The used pesticide should be used up once. For example, Beauveria bassiana should be sprayed in 2 small days to prevent the spores from germination and lose their effectiveness. For bio-insecticides, it can be mixed with most chemical pesticides. Because most chemical pesticides are chemically acidic and physiologically neutral, there is no inhibition or neutralization reaction against bacteria and fungi. Therefore, it can be fully mixed. It can be seen that biocides cannot be mixed with chemical fungicides once they are mismatched. The active bacterial spores of biological agents will be killed and lose their proper efficacy; for most biological fungicides, they can be mixed with most chemical agents and biological agents, but not with alkaline drugs. For example, Trichoderma can be mixed with most biocides and chemical pesticides.
Fourth, the scientific mastery of the use of methods Because most biological pesticides are not systemic, spraying, you should pay attention to spray evenly to achieve good results. For example, Beauveria bassiana must be evenly sprayed onto the pests, and the bacteria continue to multiply, gradually destroying the physiological functions of the pests, and eventually causing the pests to metabolize and die. In the use of dryland crops, it is necessary to spray enough liquid to make every part of the plant spray and spray to prevent leakage, so as to achieve the purpose of prevention and control. Second, the role of biological pesticides is slow. It should be used in the lower larval stage of pests. Many silicon pesticides have a slow insecticidal effect, which is worse than chemical pesticides that are immediately apparent after spraying. Therefore, the time of administration should be 2-5 days earlier than chemical pesticides. Such as BT emulsion, Beauveria bassiana, Bacillus thuringiensis, etc., their sterilization speed is slow, after the general spraying, the pests gradually die after 3-5 days. Third, the location of biopesticide storage is required to be cool and dry to avoid moisture. Such as Bacillus thuringiensis, Jinggangmycin, gibberellin and so on. They are characterized by their inability to withstand high temperatures and storage. Easy to absorb moisture and mildew, inactivation failure, and the shelf life can not exceed 2 years.
V. Scientific mastery of medication time The spores of bacteria in biological pesticides prefer a humid environment, so the greater the humidity in the field, the higher the efficacy. In general, spraying is best in the morning and evening, especially powder pesticides are more effective. Because there is dew in the morning and evening, the agent can stick well to the stems and leaves, and the spores will multiply quickly. As long as the pests eat the stems and leaves, they will die quickly, which can improve the efficacy and control effect. If you spray at high temperature at noon, direct sunlight. Ultraviolet light in strong sunlight kills spores. Direct sunlight for 0.5 hours, the spore mortality rate is about 50, direct light for 1 hour, and the spore mortality rate is 80%. In addition, ultraviolet radiation will deform the spore crystals, which will greatly affect the use effect. Therefore, spraying bio-pesticide should be carried out in the evening or on cloudy days. However, we must grasp the weather changes. In addition to choosing to spray the sun on sunny days, cloudy days or after rain, try to avoid heavy rain. The heavy rain will wash away the bacteria and lose the lethality. If it is light rain 5-6 hours after application, it is conducive to spore germination, which will not reduce the efficacy, but will improve the insect control effect.
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