On November 12th, 2016, the 2nd “International Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health (China) High-end Forum†was held in Guangzhou Phoenix City Hotel. The conference was hosted by the International Alliance of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health Forum (IAIEH Alliance) and the National Pig Industry Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance. The forum adheres to the core concept of “advocating the return of animal gut health to the source of nutrient absorption†and invites the United States and Canada. He is a professor of animal nutrition at the top universities in the world, a well-known animal nutritionist in China, and a first-line application expert in the animal husbandry feed industry. More than 1,000 people attended the conference.
At 10 o'clock on the morning of November 13, Dr. Cui Zhiying, Director of Bio-Marketing Market of Guangdong Hainachuan, was invited as a guest of the Interactive Forum on Livestock and Poultry Ecology and Health, and actively shared and shared the screening and use of antibacterial agents. And efficacy evaluation, nucleotide nutrition perspectives and experience. (Note: This article a large number of experts dry goods)
The interactive forum was hosted by Mr. Jiang Zongyong, the former dean of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences. He went to the stage and introduced that although there were many reports on the two days, the benefits of intestinal health were greatly benefited. However, the purpose of the interactive forum is to allow everyone to raise concerns and further promote industry exchanges.
Forum guests are:
Jiang - 1, I would like to ask Dr. Shao, the current antibiotics in the feed is banned, what technical reserves are there for feed enterprises?
Shao - First of all, it is impossible to find a so-called small medicine to solve the problems at various stages. Secondly, it is specific to a chicken farm or pig farm, according to its own production management (disinfection, control of biosafety). It is possible to reduce the amount of antibiotics in combination with feed production and feed nutrient precision, and many companies can do the same. Anti-mite, aquatic products, laying hens, broilers can do without antibiotics, antibiotics are mainly used in pigs, 30kg before weight is the biggest problem. Low-protein diets are the key to solving the problem, and the choice of raw materials should also be diversified. Currently, low-protein and high-fiber wheat feeds are used in Europe. All products that replace antibiotics must be combined according to geographical conditions in order to maximize their effectiveness.
Jiang - 2, I would like to ask Dr. Li, do you agree to the use or prohibition of antibiotics, what is the reason?
Li——China's breeding cost is higher than that of European and American countries. In terms of human health, antibiotics are necessary. However, the number of banned raising costs is a concern for the aquaculture industry. If the cost of breeding is already high, the pace of ban is too fast, and further raising the cost of breeding is a great injury to the aquaculture industry. From the perspective of feed enterprises, ban is a major trend, but how to go and how fast the process is, industry experts and scholars must be cautious.
High - First of all, ban is the general trend, but with no antibiotics, the nutritional needs of pigs are definitely different. We found that it is really different in the process of communication with other companies and should be considered. Secondly, what is added after the ban? If you add resistance to the product, you must exert the effect and increase it. Finally, if you want to add things well, you should make improvements in the process or other aspects.
Wang - The presence of antibiotics in the feed will increase the fault tolerance of the formula. After reducing and disabling the antibiotics, it must be optimized in terms of raw material selection and process improvement to make the nutrition more precise.
Jiang - 3, under normal circumstances, the piglet stage protein 22-23%, but without the use of antibiotics, with such a high protein, the piglet intestines must be a problem, what is the actual effect of the low protein diet in use?
He--A lot of low-protein diets are studied at home and abroad, but they are not used much. Because of the addition of synthetic amino acids to low-protein diets, the rate of amino acid digestion and absorption is too fast, which will affect the use of other products. In addition, there are a number of criteria recommended by many foreign studies, that is, the ratio of free amino acids to crude protein in the whole diet. In some places, or at some stage, low protein diets can be effective. For example, in Denmark, low protein diets can be recommended during pig weaning, and other stages may not be effective.
Jiang - 4, there are many substances to replace antibiotics, how should the feed formula be selected?
Yao - I have been engaged in feed work for more than 30 years. I used to make poultry in the first ten years and pigs in the next ten years. When it comes to antibiotics, addition is two purposes: one is to promote growth, and the other is to resist diarrhea. To reduce resistance to resistance, first of all, should consider the low-protein diet, fatty acid structure, model, raw material pretreatment, fermented feed and other general problems, and then consider additives such as antimicrobial peptides, acidifiers, zinc oxide, plant extracts, Probiotics, lysozyme, etc. Secondly, the alternative antibiotic products must comply with national laws and regulations. After the sulphur stick is banned, it will not be bought. It is an inevitable trend to join the non-resistance. In the past, we used 5 kinds of drugs, and now only use 2 kinds. Products must have several characteristics: 1, the product must be able to identify, can detect; 2, peer products can be compared, such as the control group what substrate, how to play clear, or can not be compared; 3, cost, use evidence to select. Finally, to be non-resistant, the farm is the key.
Jiang - 5, in the many products that replace antibiotics, which one do you think is the best alternative, give a comment.
Cui - Among the many teachers present, I am just a student. In fact, our company's anti-feed is a feed without antigen, no anti-nutritional factors, no antibiotics. We all say that we should replace antibiotics. Then why should we replace antibiotics? In fact, it has nothing to do with two purposes: one is antibacterial; the other is to promote growth. Some people may ask, if I choose high-quality raw materials, can I not add antibacterial agents? However, from the perspective of the on-site work environment, antibacterial agents should be added to the feed, because pathogens are more or less carried in the procurement, processing, packaging, transportation, use, and pig house management of the feed, which is unavoidable. Therefore, antibacterial agents are necessary for addition.
Why do we not advocate the use of antibiotics now? That is because antibiotics worked well 70 years ago, but 70 years later, the effect is not as good as before. Many bacteria develop resistance, antibiotics become more serious, and even endanger human health. Nothing can be fixed. After 70 years of tape tapes, it has also withdrawn from the historical stage. I think that antibiotics have reached this stage.
Mr. Yao just mentioned that there are many antibacterial agents: antibacterial peptides, plant essential oils, probiotics, interferons, lysozymes, acidifiers, enzyme preparations, etc. Although one product cannot achieve the antibiotic equivalent effect, it can be used in various combinations; In addition, it is the control of no antigen and no anti-nutritional factors in the direction of large raw materials. This is fundamental. I agree with Dr. Shao's concept of low-protein diets because of the health-increasing ratio of diarrhea piglets, weak piglets and sub-healthy piglets. More important, too much nutrients will increase the digestive burden of piglets.
Regarding the replacement of antibiotics, I believe that to carry out the combination of products, at present, for the sulfur paste is banned, our company's non-resistance scheme for feed enterprises is also a combination plan. Nowadays, in the choice of antibacterial growth-promoting programs, feeding companies are increasingly concerned about the effects, not the costs. In fact, at present, anti-diarrhea antibacterial agent only half of the credit, and the main is ZnO, so how to use ZnO, how to choose and match antibacterial agent is important. The ban of antibiotics is undoubted, and it is only feasible to start with the choice of antibacterial agents and the combination of raw materials.
Audience - 6, how does the vomiting toxin use microbial degradation, and what is the current research progress?
Liu - At present, many microorganisms have the ability to degrade vomiting toxins, but the following problems exist: First, the expression is not enough, the degradation activity is low; Second, it can degrade under laboratory conditions, it is not possible to add to the feed, it may be Because the microorganisms are added to the feed, there is a resurrection process. At present, many microorganisms have been discharged without being completely revived, and the liquid feeding effect may be better.
Audience - How is the ratio of water-soluble fiber and water-insoluble fiber determined? How does NaHCO3 fight heat stress in sow feed?
Wang - water-soluble fiber is basically resistant starch, pectin, polysaccharides, water-insoluble fiber is cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin part; in the stage of weaning pigs, water-soluble fiber is more harmful, will Causes the viscosity of the chyme to increase, prone to diarrhea. Many studies have confirmed that water-insoluble fibers can help reduce diarrhea, but there are also problems, nutrient digestion is affected, growth rate is slow, and palatability is also problematic.
Fiber is used in the sow stage: one is to reduce constipation; the other is to promote intestinal development and increase the length of the intestine; the third is to increase feed intake. If pregnant pigs, the main purpose is to maintain progesterone levels, to ensure embryo survival rate, the fiber in the formula is about 8%; if during lactation, empty period, fermented fiber, less sugar starch, will also reduce estrogen, reduce estrus, Fibers typically only need to reach 4-5%.
Jiang - 8, the same question, also ask Dr. He, how to solve the problem of pregnant sow fiber?
Ho - agree with Dr. Wang that the insoluble fiber in piglets may be better, and the proper proportion should be in the sow because the two play different roles. Recently, our own research found that 80% fiber content of products, soluble / insoluble ratio of 1:1, 2-3 days later, constipation can basically ease. At the same time, we have also tested on chickens, and the fibers are of great use in young animals and species.
Jiang - 9, fiber is a by-product, have pollution problems, mycotoxins exceed the standard, how to solve this problem?
Liu - We generally do sow materials, using natural raw materials, are inevitably infected. Recently, the rice bran is a good thing, the fiber content is appropriate, the protein amino acid content is balanced, and the resources are large. Mold contamination is not well controlled, and only good materials can be selected in natural raw materials. In addition, some by-products of light industrial processing will undergo some special processes, some detoxification, and the toxins in these products will be relatively less, which can be considered.
Shao – The toxins in the process of harvesting raw materials cannot be controlled. In recent years, feed companies have spent a lot of money on toxin detection. Even with the addition of toxin adsorbents, toxin detection will still exceed the standard. Still have to choose a variety of raw materials, such as wheat, bran, rice bran, beet, etc., we must find ways to use more than a few raw materials, even if it is expensive. This will help solve problems such as toxins, fiber, and starch digestion and absorption.
Jiang -10, Dr. Li, would you like to ask, is the mycotoxin adsorbent and detoxifying agent effective?
Li - In the last two years, the DDGS mycotoxins imported from the United States are high, especially bran. In order to reduce costs, we switched to mice as a mycotoxin adsorbent and found that the response to vomiting toxins is very sensitive. I have seen a live bacteria preparation detoxification agent in the United States, I am eating 2kg, a negative control with high toxins to eat 1kg, plus a product can eat 1.5kg, the effect is very good. At present, some adsorbents are also effective, but they still cannot meet the needs of feed enterprises. In addition, it is worthwhile to explore whether the feed can be decomposed after being fermented.
Audience - 11, can you share the research on cleaning diet, and reduce the pollution and antibiotics?
Yao - We use antibiotics less and less. Clean the diet project, cooperate with the academician of India, we understand the clean diet has four aspects: First, the grain type; two high efficiency (high digestion and absorption); three less emissions; four production processes clean. For example, the use of phytase greatly reduces the amount of phosphorus, and now only 1/3 of the amount. Trace elements have also reduced the amount of addition. At present, there are some opinions that it is not necessary to add organic trace elements to medium and large pigs.
Audience - 12, how to balance the safety and effectiveness of anti-products, especially the evaluation of new products such as antimicrobial peptides?
Cui - Just now, Yao has said that the use of any product should first consider the problems of laws and regulations, followed by whether the feed and the animal itself are safe, and whether the effectiveness is anti-diarrhea or antibacterial effect of the product. For antibacterial peptide products, how to evaluate it? At present, from the perspective of the screening effect of antibacterial agents, antibacterial peptides are a more effective alternative to antibiotics. Yesterday, academicians and professors also mentioned that antibacterial peptides are more effective. At present, the universal evaluation method for the effectiveness of antibacterial agents in the world is: qualitative evaluation using the inhibition zone method, and quantitative use of the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) method. Another consideration is the price/performance ratio. For example, the working concentration differs by a factor of two, and twice the price is acceptable.
Jiang - 13, what are the benefits of organic trace elements on the intestines?
Gao-呙 teacher’s report mentioned yesterday mentioned zinc, in fact, whether it is zinc or other trace elements, it is very important to the intestines. At present, everyone is very concerned about the problem of excessive addition of trace elements. The intestine itself needs trace elements. In fact, the trace elements of sulfate used by us now have low absorption rate and low biological titer, which will cause large discharge. In terms of health, excessive addition of some trace elements will have some effects. If the ferrous ions in the chyme are high, the endotoxin that proliferates and secretes E. coli and Salmonella will increase and damage the intestinal tract. In this case, inorganic ferrous ions should be minimized and organic trace elements should be used.
Audience - 14, Bacillus and Lactobacillus in the feed production process, how to use and how to use it?
Li - For these products, we most expect manufacturers to provide the most approved evaluation program, tell us how to evaluate, because now it is difficult to evaluate Bacillus, can not be assessed. The application test of pigs can only be done only a few times, and it is difficult to evaluate animal tests. The evaluation of lactic acid bacteria is slightly better. First, heat resistance assessment can be performed, followed by acid production capacity assessment.
Audience - 15, yarrow powder is a good raw material, how to treat its application effect on sows?
Wang - high proportion of non-fermentable fiber in alfalfa powder can promote intestinal peristalsis in sows. Relatively speaking, the effect of improving reproductive performance is not strong; in addition, the quality of alfalfa powder is very different, protein interval 14 -20%, the change is large; product palatability should also be considered, can not affect the overall palatability of the feed; usage and dosage: generally used in pregnant pigs 10%, lactating pigs can not exceed 5%, excessive dilution will dilute nutrient concentration. Generally, in the prenatal and lactation materials, the electrolyte balance value should be reduced by 50, which is not good for calcium and phosphorus deposition in the short term, but is beneficial to milk production.
Jiang - 16, now there is a lot of fermented feed, how do you think about fermented feed?
Liu - For fermented feed, we have several cases: the most heard is fermented soybean meal, considering that domestic high-quality fishmeal and animal protein are relatively small, although some proteins are sacrificed through fermentation, but anti-nutritional factors can be reduced. To improve the performance of production is still worth considering. In addition, many people talk about fermented feed. First of all, it must be acknowledged that the role of microorganisms is different from that of enzymes. It is not oriented, and microorganisms are also selfish, and they use the high-quality raw materials available around them. I have done a test before, and the rumen fluid is taken out to ferment the straw. When no peptone is added, the microorganisms do not multiply and grow. Of course, nowadays, no feed can be used for fermentation, and it is not worth the loss to use microbial fermentation.
Jiang - 17, the state promotes environmentally friendly feed farming, what is your definition of environmentally friendly feed?
Shao - First, less emissions, nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon emissions should be controlled; high zinc, high copper diets should be controlled, convenient to use feces for fermentation to produce fertilizer; use of phytase to reduce the release of phosphorus, calcium In addition, the feed resources are limited, should pay attention to accurate nutrition, the stage is divided into fine, after the feed enterprises toward the processing, custom feed direction, reduce waste.
Audience - 18, to solve the problem of intestinal health, which areas will generally focus on?
What is the first? Nutritional parameters; Second, the choice of raw materials, improve digestion and utilization; three feed processing; Fourth, the choice of additives and the effectiveness of the problem, such as: the problem of acidifiers on pigs, many use, not enough The type is also inappropriate; the use of enzyme preparations, in many cases, the amount of additives is considered in terms of cost, no consideration of utility, in addition, there is no synergistic effect of phytase and NSP enzymes, the application of enzymes is still relatively lacking; probiotics There are also many problems. Recently, there was a trial in which the combination of probiotics and prebiotics still had some effects.
Audience - 19, may I ask Dr. Cui, can nucleotides be antibacterial?
Cui - A Canadian professor mentioned yesterday that there are nucleotides in antibacterial substances. Recent studies have reported that nucleotides can be converted into an antibacterial substance in the body. At present, the role of nucleotides is mainly to promote intestinal villi growth and repair the intestinal tract. Nucleotide is an essential nutrient. Most high-grade infant formula contains nucleotides, and the highest content can reach 57mg/100g. However, the use of nucleotides has a characteristic, purines and pyrimidines must be in a certain proportion range, otherwise the animals are difficult to use, such as nucleotides derived from yeast, pyrimidine / hydrazine is 1.5-2:1, relative balance, animals can be very good use.
Audience - 20, the importance and measures to solve the intestinal health of sows?
Li - The biggest sow's intestinal health that everyone is concerned about is the constipation problem of pregnant sows. To solve the problem of constipation, the easiest thing is that the fiber is enough, no matter what kind of fiber is added, the amount is enough.
Audience - 21, can not improve the effect of ZnO through the process of processing, thereby reducing the amount of ZnO?
High - In fact, manufacturers of trace elements are now considering how to reduce the amount of zinc used. The mechanism of action of ZnO is still being studied. The latest report explains that ZnO plays a bacteriostatic effect in the form of molecules. The effect is related to its specific surface area. To achieve good results, a large specific surface area is required. At present, there are three methods: First, to achieve nano-ZnO, but also manufacturers to make, but easy to accumulate during storage; Second, let ZnO over the stomach, coated up to reach the back of the intestine, and dissolved in the hindgut; Third, processing The process is improved, the crystallization process becomes more loose, and the specific surface area is increased.
Audience - 22, Dr. Li, have you ever done any evaluation of humic acid products, what is the effect?
Li - I have done it in the same industry, and the effect is not bad. I have not done it personally.
Audience - 23, Dr. Shao, the toxins in the raw material testing are unstable, the analysis of the differences are not significant, can you reasonably set several regional areas to evaluate the raw material grade?
Shao - can do this, including which place of origin, which manufacturer, the raw materials can be graded after entering the warehouse, especially for the raw materials of piglets and piglets, the raw materials must be assessed geographically and hierarchically. But the reality is that the batching bin will not be enough and the management is much more complicated.
Audience - 24, I would like to ask Professor Liu, there are many types of drug products, and now the mycotoxin exceeds the standard. How do you use and distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of ?
Liu - Generally speaking, detoxification agents, adsorption, biodegradation (enzymatic degradation, degradation of live bacteria); for how to choose products, first understand the main toxins of raw materials, China mainly has zearalenone and vomiting toxins . Secondly, there must be an application evaluation method. The evaluation model of our laboratory has been improved, but it is ultimately evaluated by animal experiments.
Jiang - 25, I would like to ask Dr. He, what is your opinion on the application and prospects of fermentation liquid feeding technology?
Ho - We do feed, mainly focus on fermented feed, as for liquid feed, that specific production will be concerned about farming. How to use fermented feed into feed products is everyone's concern. Fermented feed is also a solution for reducing resistance and resisting resistance. At present, some fermented raw materials may be used, such as fermented soybean meal on pig feed. Now there are some models in China, and the fermentation plant is directly established next to the feed line of the feed enterprise to provide strains and process technology. Our company has also done fermented materials before, because the wet material is added 5% to the full price, and the pellet feed produced later, less than half a month, moldy phenomenon, this problem is the water problem is more critical. Fermented feed is a direction that will be more concerned in the future. Liquid feeding is only applied at a certain stage, especially when it is fed liquid within one week after weaning, and the effect will be very good.
Audience - 26, Dr. Shao, what do you think about resistant starch and high amylopectin to help piglet intestinal health?
Shao – At present, Australia's diet design for weaned piglets tends to prevent piglets from digesting too fast and not allowing too much intake of piglets. At this time, resistant starch and amylopectin can work. The Netherlands neither uses antibiotics nor uses high zinc. This year, high zinc is used again, indicating that high zinc is really good for two weeks after weaning, which can further reduce the use of antibiotics. For well-managed pig farms, some high-digested raw materials will be used. Other pig farms that are not well managed will first consider the health problems of piglets and select some raw materials with high insoluble fiber content to ensure the health of the intestines.
Audience - 27, how do you think about using low-protein diets for weaned piglets?
Wang - agree with Dr. He's point of view, when you choose a low-protein diet, the growth rate is abandoned to some extent. Protein is the biggest factor in nutritive diarrhea. Therefore, the application of low protein diets has four effects: first, reducing the pH of the ileum; second, reducing abnormal fermentation; and third, reducing toxic microbial metabolites. Produce; Fourth, reduce the amount of drinking water. The use of low-protein diets must allow customers to identify specific stages or sacrifice growth. Many raw materials we pay attention to evaluate its digestibility, but we should also evaluate its digestive rate, such as soybean meal, which has a high digestibility, but it is not effective in piglets because the digestion rate does not match the piglet.
Summary:
Through the extensive and in-depth interaction, the “Industrial Ecology and Health Interaction Forum for Livestock and Poultry†fully explores the pain points, difficulties and exchanges of the industry, and comprehensively analyzes the ecology and health of the gut, especially for the anti-products and evaluation, nucleotide nutrition, Intensive dialysis was carried out on fermented feed, fiber, ZnO, probiotic utilization, toxin status and degradation, and environmentally friendly diet. The opinions are detailed and rich in content, which has great guidance and promotion for the development of animal husbandry.
Guangdong Hainachuan Biotechnology, as the vanguard of the non-resistance team, will inevitably undertake the mission and courageously undertake to provide products, programs and technologies to reduce the resistance to resistance and promote the healthy development of animal husbandry.
Content editing: Guangdong Hainachuan Bio-Zhangfei
WeChat finishing report: Guangdong Hainachuan Biological Liu Rong
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