According to the report of the Physicist Organization Network on May 24 (Beijing time), the research team of the University of Innsbruck, Austria, for the first time successfully obtained and thoroughly analyzed the new quasi-particles, the repelled polaron, with supercooled quantum gas. The relevant research report was published in the online edition of Nature magazine published on the same day.
Supercooled quantum gas is an ideal experimental model system that can be used to simulate physical phenomena in the condensed state. Among these gases, the many-body state can be obtained in a highly controlled situation, which also requires a highly coordinated interaction between the particles.
There have been studies involving attracted polarons before, but the exclusion of polarons is the first time that they will lead the research team into a new research field. In order to obtain a repelled polaron in the experiment, the researchers created an ultracold quantum gas composed of lithium atoms and potassium atoms in a vacuum chamber. They control the interaction of particles through electromagnetic fields and use radio frequency pulses to push the potassium into a state that repels the surrounding lithium atoms. This complex state is physically described as a quasiparticle, because in many ways it behaves like a new particle with modified properties. By analyzing the entire energy spectrum of the system, researchers can prove that the rejected polarons. Professor Rudolf Glimmer of the school said: "This process not only obtains and analyzes the attracting polarons, but also presents the repellent polarons."
These quasi-particles in the condensed state decay very quickly, so it is generally difficult to study them. However, even in the quantum gas, it is difficult to exhibit the repulsive property. Polarons exist only in the metastable state and their lifetime is important for the study of all their properties. Grimm et al. were surprised to find that the lifetime of the polarons they obtained increased by almost 10 times compared to the polarons previously obtained in similar systems. Therefore, this experimental setup provides an ideal platform for detailed analysis of multiple bodies that rely on repulsive interactions.
Next, scientists will study experimentally whether only independent domains of lithium or potassium atoms accumulate are created by quantum gases composed of repulsive particles. This was previously proposed in the theoretical model, but it has not been verified in the experimental field. (Reporter Zhang Hao)
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