In the process of crop growth, one of the most commonly used measures for farmers to increase production is to increase the application of fertilizer. As the farmer said: “A crop of flowers, all rely on fat to be the head of the familyâ€, and some say: “It’s not as good as the fertilizer.†This shows that farmers attach great importance to the application of fertilizer when planting crops. When selecting fertilizers, some farmers mainly choose organic fertilizers that are self-made by farmers, some apply chemical fertilizers, and some use chemical fertilizers. From the perspective of production practice, general fertilization is positively correlated with crop yield increase, but the effects of different varieties of fertilizer and different fertilization methods are not the same.
The observation and test results of fertilizer use for many years show that the nutrient orientation after the application of fertilizers in crops is generally reflected in four aspects: first, the released nutrients are directly absorbed and utilized by crops; second, after nutrient decomposition, some nutrients are volatilized in a gaseous state. For example, common ammonium bicarbonate is the most volatile; third, after each heavy rain or heavy rain, nutrients are lost with water, especially quick-acting nitrogen and quick-acting potassium fertilizer; fourth, some nutrients are adsorbed and fixed by the soil, which is not available. However, from the perspective of fertilizer types, organic fertilizers are less than chemical fertilizers, because organic fertilizers are gradually released. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in chemical fertilizers are less than those of nitrogen fertilizers. According to the soil and fertilizer testing department, the utilization rate of available nitrogen in ammonium bicarbonate is 27%, the utilization rate of available nitrogen in urea is 35%, and the nutrient utilization rate of high-efficiency compound fertilizer is above 40%.
Facing the reality that agricultural production costs are increasing year by year, especially the reality of increasing fertilizer costs, in order to increase production and save money, and to increase efficiency, it is necessary to save fertilizer expenditure, reduce waste, and adopt comprehensive measures to improve fertilizer utilization.
First of all, it is necessary to improve the infrastructure of farmland and enhance the capacity of water storage and water retention. In the construction of farmland, large water can be discharged quickly, small water can drop rapidly, water can be induced by drought, and water can be adjusted, so that the fertilizer applied to the soil can be quickly dissolved, converted, utilized, and waste of water and fertilizer environmental imbalance can be reduced. .
Secondly, it is necessary to increase the application of organic fertilizer, and the combination of farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer. Fully decomposed farmyard manure nutrient content is relatively complete, adhere to the combination of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer application, one can improve soil physical and chemical properties and enhance soil fertility; second, the combination of delayed effect and quick-acting fertilizer can complement; third can reduce the volatilization and loss of chemical fertilizer, enhance Protect fertilizer performance and improve fertilizer supply ability faster.
Third, it is necessary to apply scientific formula fertilization to avoid partial application of chemical fertilizer. It is necessary to balance fertilization for different soils and different crop formulations, not only to prevent the excessive use of elemental fertilizers to produce antagonism, to inhibit the nutritional functions of other elements, but also to meet the needs of different crops for different nutrient elements. For example, it is necessary to increase the application of potassium fertilizer to the soil with high sediment concentration, and to increase the application of boron fertilizer to the fields where rapeseed and cotton are grown. At the same time, it is necessary to apply corresponding trace elements such as zinc, magnesium and molybdenum according to different soils and different crops. .
Fourth, we must constantly update the fertilization technology to effectively ensure the quality of fertilization. First, it is necessary to promote the application of high-content multi-component fertilizer, reduce the application of low-content compound fertilizer; second, actively try high-energy organic-inorganic compound fertilizer; third, promote organic-inorganic compound fertilizer; fourth, apply high-content beneficial microbial fertilizer Use fertilizer in combination; five should emphasize the deep application of fertilizer; six should be applied at a reasonable dose; and seven should apply the liquid fertilizer evenly under the condition of drip irrigation.
The observation and test results of fertilizer use for many years show that the nutrient orientation after the application of fertilizers in crops is generally reflected in four aspects: first, the released nutrients are directly absorbed and utilized by crops; second, after nutrient decomposition, some nutrients are volatilized in a gaseous state. For example, common ammonium bicarbonate is the most volatile; third, after each heavy rain or heavy rain, nutrients are lost with water, especially quick-acting nitrogen and quick-acting potassium fertilizer; fourth, some nutrients are adsorbed and fixed by the soil, which is not available. However, from the perspective of fertilizer types, organic fertilizers are less than chemical fertilizers, because organic fertilizers are gradually released. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in chemical fertilizers are less than those of nitrogen fertilizers. According to the soil and fertilizer testing department, the utilization rate of available nitrogen in ammonium bicarbonate is 27%, the utilization rate of available nitrogen in urea is 35%, and the nutrient utilization rate of high-efficiency compound fertilizer is above 40%.
Facing the reality that agricultural production costs are increasing year by year, especially the reality of increasing fertilizer costs, in order to increase production and save money, and to increase efficiency, it is necessary to save fertilizer expenditure, reduce waste, and adopt comprehensive measures to improve fertilizer utilization.
First of all, it is necessary to improve the infrastructure of farmland and enhance the capacity of water storage and water retention. In the construction of farmland, large water can be discharged quickly, small water can drop rapidly, water can be induced by drought, and water can be adjusted, so that the fertilizer applied to the soil can be quickly dissolved, converted, utilized, and waste of water and fertilizer environmental imbalance can be reduced. .
Secondly, it is necessary to increase the application of organic fertilizer, and the combination of farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer. Fully decomposed farmyard manure nutrient content is relatively complete, adhere to the combination of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer application, one can improve soil physical and chemical properties and enhance soil fertility; second, the combination of delayed effect and quick-acting fertilizer can complement; third can reduce the volatilization and loss of chemical fertilizer, enhance Protect fertilizer performance and improve fertilizer supply ability faster.
Third, it is necessary to apply scientific formula fertilization to avoid partial application of chemical fertilizer. It is necessary to balance fertilization for different soils and different crop formulations, not only to prevent the excessive use of elemental fertilizers to produce antagonism, to inhibit the nutritional functions of other elements, but also to meet the needs of different crops for different nutrient elements. For example, it is necessary to increase the application of potassium fertilizer to the soil with high sediment concentration, and to increase the application of boron fertilizer to the fields where rapeseed and cotton are grown. At the same time, it is necessary to apply corresponding trace elements such as zinc, magnesium and molybdenum according to different soils and different crops. .
Fourth, we must constantly update the fertilization technology to effectively ensure the quality of fertilization. First, it is necessary to promote the application of high-content multi-component fertilizer, reduce the application of low-content compound fertilizer; second, actively try high-energy organic-inorganic compound fertilizer; third, promote organic-inorganic compound fertilizer; fourth, apply high-content beneficial microbial fertilizer Use fertilizer in combination; five should emphasize the deep application of fertilizer; six should be applied at a reasonable dose; and seven should apply the liquid fertilizer evenly under the condition of drip irrigation.
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